//      y 


PROSPECTUS  AND  REPORTS 


BUSHELL  AND  OF  THE  SAINT  LOUIS 


Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Companies, 


)TOLTEC  SYNDICATE  OF  MINES, 

OF  AZTEC  AND  TYNDALL  DISTRICTS,  ARIZONA, 


ENTS,    REPORTS,    MAP,    ASSAYS    AND    NEWSPAPER    KXTR.U 
RELATIVE    TO    THE    SAME. 


Office  of  ihe  Companies,  Rooms  14  &  15,  302  Montgomery  Sf, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


,     1S78. 


SAN    FRANCISCO: 
GORDON,  BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTER,  320  SANSOME  STKKBT,  HALI.KCK  BI.<H  K. 

1878. 


OFFICERS  AND  DIRECTORS 


C.  S.  BENEDICT,  ESQ 


.PRESIDENT] 

TT**"~"TOR 
TOR 


ARY 


# 


TT  r 


JOHN  HAYNES,  ESQ PRESIDENT 

COL.  JNO.  D.  GRAHAM MANAGING  DIRECTOR 

C.  S.  BENEDICT,  ESQ DIRECTOR 

E.  S.  IRVIN,  ESQ " 

W.  G.  GRAHAM,  ESQ " 

CHAS.  CRANZ,  JR S  CRETARY 

JOHN  E.  MAGEE,  ESQ SUPERINTENDENT  AT  MINES 

W.  T.  RICKARD,  F.  C.  S...  ...ASSAYER 


PROSPECTUS 

OF    THE 

ir«   t 

Mn 


SITUATED  IN  THE  SANTA  RITA  MOUNTAINS, 

PIMA    COUNTY,    ARIZONA. 

Both  Companies  Incorporated  Under  the  Laws  of  the  State  of  California, 

June  1st,  1878. 


In  presenting  to  the  notice  of  capitalists  the  claims  of  the  aforesaid  com- 
panies, we  propose  to  call  the  attention  of  the  INVESTOR  to  only  such  facts 
as,  upon  a  more  extended  examination,  can  be  fully  and  satisfactorily 
substantiated. 

THE    SANTA    RITA    MINING    REGION. 

The  territory  in  which  this  mining  property  is  situated  is  yet  in  its  in- 
fancy, though  the  mines  in  the  Santa  Rita's  have  been  worked,  at  intervals, 
by  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  by  adventurous  Spaniards,  and  by  more  adventurous 
Americans,  for  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  years.  But  since  the  disastrous 
ending  of  the  Santa  Rita  Company,  in  1860-61,  no  work  has  been  begun 
which  was  not  speedily  ended  in  the  same  fashion — by  the  murder  of  the 
miners  by  the  Apaches — until  the  owners  of  the  present  Toltec  Syndicate 
organized  its  predecessor,  the  Aztec  Syndicate.  The  reports  herein  printed 
will  give  the  reader  a  fair  outline  of  their  enterprise,  and  need  not  be 
further  alluded  to  in  this  place.  In  the  outset  of  our  organization  of  the 
Aztec  Syndicate,  we  labored  under  all  the  disadvantages  of  working  in  and 
exploring  an  almost  savage  country.  The  great  mineral  richness  demon- 
strated by  our  labors  almost  immediately  attracted  other  enterprising  visit- 
ors and  prospectors,  and  within  a  year  resulted  in  an  immigration  which 
has  now  culminated  in  the  working  of  numberless  mines,  the  building  of 
excellent  reads,  the  founding  of  permanent  mining  camps,  a  large  influx  of 


capital,  and  the  establishment  of  numerous  mining  enterprises  upon  a  solid 
and  certain  basis. 

The  sudden  and  marvelous  growth  of  this  section  can  only  be  accounted 
for  by  the  ascertained  extraordinary  wealth  of  its  acres  of  mountains, 
containing  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper,  etc.,  enough,  in  the  general  estima- 
tion, to  enrich  the  present  generation. 

ITS    GREAT    MINERAL    WEALTH. 

Pumpelly,  Ross  Browne,  Ward,  Kustel,  Ehrenberg,  Wrighton,  Professor 
Davis,  Professor  Rickard  and  scores  of  others  say,  "  The  silver  mines  of  the 
Santa  Rita's — the  Aztec  and  Tyndall  mining  districts — give  undisputed 
evidence  of  great  natural  wealth.  The  ores  are  true  Silver  ores,  and  the 
mines  are  identical  with  those  of  Mexico,  of  which  they  are  a  continuance." 

The  many  late  travelers  through  this  country,  consisting  of  engineers 
surveyors,  assayers  and  others,  all  agree  as  to  the  main  points,  viz: — 
the  value  of  the  ores. 

Professor  Thomas  Davis  says  :  "Of  the  mineral  richness  of  the  mines 
in  this  section,  and  especially  of  those  belonging  to  what  is  known  as  the 
Toltec  Syndicate  of  San  Francisco,  there  can  be  no  doubt  whatever." 

It  is  only  a  question  of  time  and  the  expenditure  of  capital  and  labor, 
when  there  will  be  silver  enough  dug  out  of  these  mountains  to  pay  the 
national  debt.  To]  parties  not  conversant  with  the  mines  of  this  and  other 
countries,  this  assertion  of  Prof.  Davis  might  be  considered  'one  of  great  ex- 
aggeration, but  when  we  look  at  the  product  of  other  mining  countries  the 
business  mind  will  at  once  grasp  at  the  proposition  as  being  nearer  the 
truth  than  it  is  to  the  fabulous.  We  propose  to  cite  what  has  been  done. 

The  registered  coinage  of  the  Mint  of  Mexico,  for  the  last  135  years,  end- 
ing January  1st,  1874,  amounted  to  $1,942,932,107.  The  following  is  the 
registered  total  yield  of  a  few  Mexican  mines,  which  belong  to  the  same 
great  chain  of  mineral  deposits  so  recently  developed  in  the  Santa  Rita's. 
The  Rio  Grande,  $650,000,000;  the  Sierra  Madra,  $800,000,000;  the  Potosi 
over  $1,000,000,000.  One  mine,  the  Panillon,  produced  for  five  years 
$20,000  per  day,  when  interrupted  by  a  flood  of  water.  Opened  again  in 
ten  years,  it  produced  $50,000,000.  It  subsequently  lay  idle  until  1871,  since 
which  time  it  has  regularly  produced  an  annual  yield  of  $13,400,000.  The 
Comstock  Lode,  in  Nevada,  furnishes  another  signal  evidence  of  productive- 
ness. Yearly  over  $20,000,000  is  being  paid  in  dividends  to  its  stockholders. 
All  these  statistics  are  taken  from  official  reports,  and  can  at  any  time 
be  verified. 

Had  we  space  at  disposal  to  extend  this  prospectus,  much  might  be 
added  as  to  the  peculiar  and  exceptional  richness  of  the  Santa  Rita  mountains 
in  which  our  mines  are  situated.  Thousands  of  assays  have  placed  the 
surface  ores  alone,  at  the  head  of  any  other  mining  region  heretofore  known 
and  discovered.  It  is  enough  to  say  that,  a  great  number  of  mines  have  al- 


ready  been  located,  and  that  distant  capital  is  daily  pouring  in  for  the  pur- 
chase and  location  of  others.  Under  this  reviving  influence  it  is  no  won- 
der that  this  productive  section  is  rapidly  emerging  from  obscurity  into  the 
importance  and  prosperity  it  so  richly  merits. 

Roads  and  railroads  are  being  pushed  forward.  Reduction  works  for  the 
treatment  of  ores  are  being  plentifully  erected,  and  the  filial  result  is  only  a 
simple  matter  of  calculation  as  to  when  its  hidden  treasures  will  be  pour- 
ing into  every  country  upon  the  face  of  the  earth. 

The  Directors  of  the  Bushell  Co.,  and  of  the  Saint  Louis  Co.,  claim,  in  the 
course  of  an  early  future,  as  great  results  as  are  exhibited  above,but  the  suc- 
cess of  every  silver  mining  region  can  only  be  attained  by  the  requisite  ex- 
penditure of  capital  and  labor,  and  the  Aztec  and  Tyndall  districts  have 
heretofore  lacked  both.  It  is  our  object  to  introduce  to  the  notice  of  capi- 
talists and  others  the  advantage  to  be  derived  by  participants  in  the  rapid 
and  quick  development  of  what  is  to-day  a  region  of  almost  incredible 
wealth. 

THE    CAPITAL    STOCK. 

The  Capital  Stock  of  the  companies  is  fixed  at  $10,000,000,  each  divided 
into  100,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $100  each. 

As  it  is  the  intention  of  the  directors  of  these  companies  to  work  with 
prudence  and  economy,  it  is  not  deemed  necessary  to  place  upon  the  market 
more  of  its  stock  than  is  sufficient  to  actually  develop  the  paying  value  of 
each  company,  it  being  fair  to  infer  from  all  previous  experience  in  this 
character  of  mining,  that  as  the  work  progresses,  sufficient  ores  will  be 
obtained,  to  not  only  prosecute  its  labors,  but  also,  in  a  very  short  period, 
to  justify  each  of  the  companies  in  declaring  a  first  dividend. 

Twenty  thousand  shares  of  stock  has  been  set  aside  in  each  company,  as 
WORKING  CAPITAL  STOCK.  This  is  the  stock  we  now  offer  for  sale.  FIVE 
THOUSAND  SHARES  ONLY  are  offered  at  the  present  figures.  The  next  five 
thousand  shares  will  be  sold  at  double  the  present  rate,  and  the  remainder, 
if  it  be  necessary  to  sell  it,  will  be  at  the  least  quadruple  the  present  price. 
This  has  been  our  experience  with  the  mines  we  organized  previously,  in 
the  old  Syndicate. 

Further  information  may  be  obtained  by  addressing  the  Managing  Director, 
or  any  other  officer  of  the  companies,  or  by  addressing  the  editor  of  the  Tucson 
(Arizona)  Star,  or  Col.  R.  J.  Hinton,  editor  of  the  San  Francisco  Post,  or  of 
any  businessman  at  Tucson,  Arizona,  or  of  Superintendent  John  B.  Magee,  at 
Tucson.  As  these  stocks  are  FULLY  PAID  UP  AND  UNASSESSABLE,  they  offer  to  the 
modest  INVESTOR  or  the  CAPITALIST  the  best  investment  known  in  this  country. 

The  map  accompanying  this  shows  the  location  of  the  mines  owned  by  us,  as 
well  as  of  many  others  upon  which  work  is  now  being  vigorously  pressed. 
Every  INVESTOR  will  receive  the  monthly  reports  from  the  mines,  and  be  kept 


fully  and  thoroughly  advised  of  every  matter  of  importance,  as  it  is  to  the 
hearty  co-operation  of  shareholders  that  every  mining  company  should  look  to 
produce  the  most  favorable  results  for  their  enterprise. 

(Signed)  C.  L.  BENEDICT, 

JOHN  HAYNES, 

$  JNO.  D.  GRAHAM, 

E.  S.  IRVIN, 
W.  G.  GRAHAM, 
Directors  of  the  Bushell  G.  &  S.  M'g  Co.,  and  St.  Louis  G.  &  S.  M'g  Co. 


REPORT  OF  MANAGING  DIRECTOR  GRAHAM. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  TOLTEC  SYNDICATE  OF  MINES, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  June  17th,  1878. 

T»  the  Directors  of  the  Bushell  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Company,  and  of 
the  Saint  Louis  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Company  : 

GENTLEMEN:  The  accompanying  reports  from  the  Superintendent,  John 
E.  Magee,  and  Professor  Thomas  Davis,  at  the  mines,  deserve  your  earnest 
consideration.  These  mines,  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  this  State, 
June  1,  1878,  are  now  to  be  developed  and  brought  to  a  paying  basis,  and 
to  do  this  will  require  your  most  energetic  action  and  hearty  co-operation 
in  every  respect.  It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  call  your  attention  to  the 
history  of  the  present  great  movement  in  mining  developments  in  the  Santa 
Rita  mountains,  where  the  Bushell  and  the  Saint  Louis  are  situated. 

On  the  24th  of  April,  1877,  I  drew  and  offered  to  many  of  you,  an  agree- 
ment forming  the  "  Aztec  Syndicate  of  Mines,"  and  your  modest  invest- 
ments in  that  enterprise  realized,  by  the  7th  of  January,  1878,  the  sum  of 
forty  thousand  dollars  for  every  thousand  invested.  Of  the  history  of  the 
Aztec  Syndicate,  up  to  the  date  of  the  purchase  of  the  controlling  interest 
from  myself  and  associates,  by  eastern  parties,  it  is  needless  here  to  speak 
further  than  above.  Some  extracts  from  the  press  of  various  places,  bear- 
ing on  the  matter,  are  herein  enclosed,  and,  if  advisable,  can  be  used,  that 
others  may  see  in  what  manner  the  great  mining  interests  of  Southern 
Arizona  have  been  builded  up,  and  by  whom.  You  are  aware  of  the 
severe  struggle  had  by  the  Aztec  and  Inca  companies,  under  our  manage- 
ment, before  people  could  be  induced  to  even  listen  to  any  description  of 
the  property,  its  merits  and  capacities.  Few  people  heard  of  Arizona, 
fewer  still  cared  about  Arizona — and  a  still  less  number  could  be  found 
who  would  invest  a  dollar  in  that  terra  incognito — Arizona. 

I  need  not  tell  you  nor  others,  how  all  this  has  been  changed.  Millions 
of  dollars  are  now  pouring  into  the  section — a  year  ago  almost  unknown 
and  totally  unworked.  The  Apache  Indians  outnumbered  the  whites ! 
There  were  no  mines  being  worked!  There  was  no  labor  in  the  country, 


5. 

because  there  was  no  demand  for  labor  and  no  money  to  pay  labor.  From 
our  small  beginning,  when  ground  was  broken  by  Superintendent  Thomas 
Davis  and  Manager  John  E.  Magee,  for  the  Aztec  Company,  on  June  25th, 
1877,  we  have  seen  something  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  mining. 

The  Aztec  and  Tyndall  districts,  in  which  lie  the  ten  mines  comprising 
the  Toltec  Syndicate,  have  been  overrun  with  prospectors,  and  our  first  lo- 
cations made  have  been  followed  by  over  one  thousand  more  locations  in 
these  two  districts.  Capital  is  now  flooding  both  districts  ;  eastern  capital- 
ists were  the  first  to  lay  hold,  and  to-day  it  is  a  contest  between  eastern 
currency  ;md  San  Francisco  gold  as  to  the  possession  of  the  mines  of  that 
section.  Our  great  mining  capitalists,  grown  weary  of  the  Comstocks  and 
the  Black  Hills,  are  piling  up  money  in  the  Santa  Rita's.  The  whole  face 
of  the  country  is  changed  in  a  year's  time.  Mines  are  being  opened,  mills 
being  built,  and  thousands  of  hardy  miners  from  the  failing  lodes  of  Nevada 
and  the  thin  surfaced  claims  of  the  Black  Hills  are  finding  remunerative 
labor  in  the  mines  of  southern  Arizona.  I  feel  a  pardonable  pride  in  being 
able  to  say  that  I  have  contributed  somewhat  to  this  state  of  things,  and 
can  say  that  from  making  the  first  movement  for  the  actual  development  of 
a  mine  in  the  Santa  Rita's,  I  have  day  by  day  grown  firmer  in  my  belief 
that  we  possess  in  that  section  the  future  hope  of  silver  mining  in  America. 

The  mines  of  the  Toltec  Syndicate,  ten  in  number,  are  as  follows : 

TheBushell Tyndall  District. 

The  Eagle 

The  Forsythe 

The  Knoxville Aztec  District. 

The  Webster 

The  Velasco 

The  Saint  Louis 

TheOjero 

TheRickard 

The  La  Purissima 

The  accompanying  map  shows  the  locations  of  the  above,  as  also  some  of 
the  mines  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate  and  others. 

Of  these  mines  the  Bushell  and  Saint  Louis  are  now  incorporated,  and 
other  incorporations  will  follow  as  rapidly  as  may  be  considered  best  for  the 
interests  of  the  Syndicate.  I  regard  the  Bushell  and  the  Saint  Louis  mines 
as  not  only  two  of  our  best  mines,  but  as  two  of  the  best  mines  in  Arizona, 
and  my  opinion  is  amply  sustained  by  all  who  have  examined  these  proper- 
ties. For  the  purpose  of  speedy  development,  I  would  recommend  that  a 
few  thousand  shares  of  the  working  capital  stock  of  each  company  be  sold 
at  such  low  figures  as  will  produce  immediate  means  for  this  development, 
as  I  am  certain  that,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Aztec  stock,  which,  starting  at 
$2.50  per  share  on  May  26th,  1877,  sold  at  $10.00  per  share  on  the  1st  of 
October,  1877,  no  better  investment  can  be  found  than  in  the  stock  of  the 
Bushell  or  of  the  Saint  Louis  mines ;  and  viewed  even  as  a  speculation, 


nothing  known  to  me  offers  so  great  an  inducement.  The  men  who  organ- 
ized and  pioneered  the  Aztec  Syndicate  are  the  owners  of  the  Toltec  Syndi- 
cate of  mines,  arid  with  their  added  experience  are  now  able  to  produce 
even  better  results  than  were  obtained. in  the  Aztec.  Prompt  and  speedy 
action  looking  to  a  thorough  development  of  these  mines  is  all  that  is  needec 
to  insure  success.  I  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  within  ninety  days 
from  this  date  a  mill  will  be  in  operation  upon  the  ores  of  the  Bushell  anc 
of  the  Saint  Louis  mines,  and  shipments  of  bullion  of  sufficient  importance 
be  made  to  gladden  the  hearts  of  every  holder  of  shares  in  either  company 
The  position  of  these  companies  is  very  gratifying  ;  not  a  penny  of  indebt- 
edness lies  against  either  company ;  their  titles  are  perfect,  their  advantages 
very  great,  and  their  possibilities  quite  as  immense  as  even  the  most  san- 
guine  shareholder  could  desire.  By  our  plan  of  concentrating  the  contro 
of  the  various  departments  of  labor,  etc.,  the  saving  in  the  running  expen- 
ditures of  the  mines  is  a  feature  ;  with  one  set  of  officers  and  one  set  o: 
offices  and  attaches  the  expense  is  reduced  to  a  minimum,  and  the  system 
guarantees  the  best  and  largest  results  at  the  least  possible  expenditure 
Every  person  connected  with  the  Syndicate  as  well  as  with  the  mining  com- 
panies referred  to,  is  well  and  favorably  known.  Our  course  of  action  in 
the  past  is  a  guarantee  for  the  future,  and  with  the  splendid  properties  we 
are  now  seeking  to  develop  there  can  be  no  obstruction  to  hinder  us  from 
bringing,  at  a  very  early  day,  both  of  these  companies  to  a  dividend  paying 
basis. 

To  lay  the  facts  relative  to  these  mines  before  the  public,  allow  me  to 
suggest  that  the  reports  of  Superintendent  J.  E.  Magee  and  of  Professor 
Thomas  Davis,  as  well  as  those  of  Professor  Raphael  Pumpelly  and  Hon.  J 
Ross  Browne,  with  such  reference  as  may  be  made  by  the  press  of  Arizona 
to  the  enterprise  and  the  mines,  be  compiled  and  published.  Although  the 
incorporations  have  been  made  only  at  the  first  of  this  month,  and  work  on 
the  mines  but  just  begun,  the  above  mentioned  reports  are  of  themselves 
amply  sufficient  to  justify  capital  in  seeking  an  investment  in  these  shares, 
and  to  give  to  investors  an  opportunity  of  obtai  ning  full  and  correct  infor- 
mation in  reference  to  these  properties,  it  would,  be  well  to  so  publish  these 
facts.  In  Tucson,  where  our  Territorial  office  Is  located,  every  business 
man  is  a  reference  as  to  our  property,  its  value  and  merit,  as  well  as  to  our 
integrity  and  energy  in  promoting  our  mining  interests  by  steady  work  and 
untiring  development. 

Hundreds  of  persons  in  the  east  and  south,  as  well  as  in  the  western 
States,  are  now  writing  to  the  editor  of  the  Tucson  Star,  A.  E.  Fay,  Esq., 
and  to  Col.  R.  J.  Hinton,  editor  of  the  San  Francisco  Post,  and  author  of 
"  Hinton' s  Hand-Book  to  Arizona,"  for  information  relative  to  Southern 
Arizona — its  mineral,  agricultural  and  other  resources,  and  the  influx  of 
immigrants  and  capital  into  Southern  Arizona,  since  the  beginning  of  my 


labors  to  that  end  has  been  unprecedented.  In  reference  to  the  other  prop- 
erties of  the  Syndicate,  I  do  not  deem  it  necessary  at  this  time  to  say  more 
than  that  they  are  quite  equal,  so  far  as  can  be  seen,  to  the  Bushell  and 
the  Saint  Louis.  Full  reports,  based  upon  the  actual  examination  of  these 
properties  by  prospecting  them  thoroughly,  will  be  made  to  the  Syndicate 
from  time  to  time.  The  matter  in  hand  now  is  to  push  the  interests  of  the 
Bushell  and  Saint  Louis  companies  by  every  means,  in  order  that  returns 
may  be  made  at  an  early  day.  I  am  of  the  opinion,  so  confidently  expressed 
by  Professor  Davis,  that  "within  ninety  days  from  the  day  that  the  first 
stamp  is  struck  on  the  Bushell  and  Saint  Louis  ores,  both  of  these  com- 
panies can  pay  a  small  dividend,  which,  with  the  facilities  which  six  months 
time  will  bring,  can  be  increased  to  a  large  one." 

Monthly  reports  from  the  mines  will  be  published,  and  sent  to  every 
shareholder  or  other  person  who  sends  an  address  to  me,  to  the  end  that 
the  progress  of  the  work  may  be  fully  and  thoroughly  known  from  its 
inception. 

The  enclosed  certificates  of  assays  of  ores  of  the  Bushell  and  of  the  Saint 
Louis  mine  in  Professor  Davis'  letter,  speak  for  themselves,  and  I  have 
every  reason  to  believe  that  we  shall  be  able  to  show  even  greater  results 
as  a  little  depth  is  attained  in  these  mines ;  and  upon  this  point  I  am  sus- 
tained by  the  facts  in  relation  to  every  mine  in  that  section,  upon  which 
shafts  have  been  sunk.  The  richness  of  the  ore  increases  with  the 
depth  in  every  case.  Upon  my  next  visit  to  the  mines,  I  shall  make  all 
necessary  arrangements  relative  to  Reduction  Works. 

Very  respectfully, 

JOHN    D.    GRAHAM, 

Managing  Director. 


REPORT  ON  THE  BUSHELL  MINE. 

SUPERINTENDENT'S  OFFICE, 
BUSHELL  GOLD  AND  SILVER  MINING   COMPANY, 

TUCSON,  Arizona,  June  8th,  1878. 
COL.  JNO.  D.  GRAHAM, 

Managing  Director  Toltee  Syndicate, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

DEAR  SIR  : — The  Bushel!  mine  belonging  to  the  Toltee  Syndicate,  lies 
about  half  a  mile  north  of  Salero  Hill,  in  the  Tyndall  Mining  District,  and 
on  the  Hamilton  lode. 

It  is  easy  of  access  ;  with  a  few  days  work  on  the  road  we  have  made  it 
so  a  wagon  can  be  driven  on  to  the  mine ;  considerable  work  has  been  done 
on  this  property  many  years  ago;  the  trails  can  still  be  traced  over  the 
mesas,  on  which  the  burros  travelled,  packing  the  ores  down  to  the  old 


8 

Tumacacori  Mission  Church,  some  12  miles  distant,  where  they  were  worked 
by  the  Jesuit  Fathers. 

.  There  are  two  parallel  veins  about  forty  feet  apart  running  a  little  south 
of  west  and  north  of  east;  commencing  at  the  west  end  of  the  mine  and 
travelling  easterly  about  780  feet  you  gain  an  ascent  of  165  feet;  at  this 
point  you  strike  huge  sandstone  cappings,  looming  up  in  an  irregular  pre- 
cipitous shape,  some  200  feet,  and  covering  nearly  the  whole  eastern  portion 
of  the  mine.  The  granite  and  porphyry  formation  of  the  country  show  on 
either  side  of  sandstone  cappings,  and  can  be  traced  right  up  to  where  it 
commences  to  overlap  the  older  formation. 

On  the  northerly  one  of  these  two  veins  is  where  the  ancient  workings 
are;  on  this  space  of  780  feet,  on  the  west  end  of  the  mine,  are  four  old 
shafts  or  holes  from  18  to  25  feet  deep,  some  of  which  are  partly  filled  up, 
while  the  vein  for  a  space  of  235  to  240  feet  has  been  stripped  or  dug  off" 
from  two  to  three  feet  deep.  Walk  from  the  west  end  to  the  sandstone 
cappings  and  you  will  find  a  vein  of  pure  mineral,  from  thirty  inches  on 
the  surface  to  four  feet  wide  in  the  bottoms  of  shafts,  for  610  consecutive 
feet.  These  old  holes  or  shafts  are  irregularly  shaped,  some  of  them  over 
thirty  feet  in  length,  from  which  large  amounts  of  mineral  have  been  ex- 
tracted in  the  most  crude  manner,  while  the  old  dumps  still  contain  suf- 
ficient of  good  ore  to  pay  for  sorting  them  under  an  economical  working  of 
the  mine. 

The  country  rock,  walls  and  casings  of  the  vein  are  all  a  miner  could 
wish.  That  the  vein  is  a  true  fissure,  there  is  no  doubt  whatever;  every  ex- 
pert and  miner  who  has  seen  it  agree  on  this  point,  and  the  fame  of  the 
mine  has  led  every  visitor  to  the  Santa  Rita's  to  make  a  close  and  critical 
examination  of  the  property.  At  different  periods  within  the  last  three 
years  I  have  had  some  twenty  assays  made  from  the  vein,  giving  all  the 
way  from  $30  up  to  $480  per  ton  silver,  with  now  and  then  a  few  dollars 
per  ton  in  gold.  I  have  taken  twenty  pounds  of  ore  from  the  old  dumps, 
bottoms  of  the  shafts,  along  the  surface  of  the  ledge;  each  pound  from  a 
different  place,  and  made  an  average  assay,  with  the  result  of  $92.40  per 
ton  silver,  and  $6.12  per  ton  gold. 

On  the  southerly  vein  no  shafts  have  been  sunk,  only  here  and  there  some 
prospect  cuttings  ;  it  is  a  great  massive,  black,  manganese,iron  capped  vein; 
some750.feet  west  from  the  west  end  of  the  mine,  on  the  adjoining  claim,  there 
is  an  old  shaft  on  this  vein  some  fourteen  feet  deep;  here  a  vein  of  metal  i8 
shown  over  twelve  feet  wide.  By  sinking  through  the  iron  cap  on  the 
Bushell  mine  this  same  body  of  ore  will  be  found;  the  vein  is  more  promi- 
nent and  shows  better  here  than  at  any  oth^r  point,  while  the  trend  of 
both  ledges  indicate  that  at  a  depth  of  two  to  three  hundred  feet  thei 
will  be  one  massive  vein.  I  have  no  hesitation  in  stating  it  as  a  fact,  th{ 
with  judicious  working?,  and  at  a  very  small  expense,  this  mine  will 


furnish  ore  enough  to  keep  a  ten  stamp  mill  pounding  right  along  from  the 
first  thirty  days,  and  pay  fair  dividends,  and  this  on  what  we  have  in  sight 
on  the  north  vein,  not  counting  the  south  vein  at  all,  while  under  those  huge 
sandstone  cappings  lie  inexhaustible  supplies  of  ore.  This  Bushell  mine 
to-day  is  equal  to  any  property  in  Southern  Arizona,  while  its  actual  value> 
as  yet,  no  one  can  tell. 

The  usual  facilities  for  cheap  mining,  working  of  ores,  climate,  etc.,  in 
this  country  are  well  known  facts  abroad,  and  need  no  comment.  I  have 
already  engaged  a  force  of  men,  and  work  will  be  commenced  before  this 
reaches  you,  and  will  be  pushed  with  the  utmost  vigor. 

Let  me  earnestly  recommend  that  you  urge  upon  the  board  of  directors 
the  imperative  necessity  of  at  once  arranging  for  reduction  works;  we  have 
nothing  to  wait  for  ;  in  this  respect  the  Bushell,  as  it  stands  at  this  hour, 
can  overrun  with  ore  a  ten  stamp  mill,  and  in  sixty  days  will  be  more  than 
able  to  crowd  a  mill  of  double  that  capacity.  Immediate  steps  should  be 
taken  to  this  end,  so  that  dividends,  the  life  of  all  mining  enterprises,  can  be 
made ;  some  sacrifices  may  justly  be  made  to  obtain  milling  facilities  at  an 
early  day,  and  this  opinion  is  shared  with  Prof.  Davis,  the  former  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Aztec  Mines,  and  by  Prof.  Rickard,  the  eminent  metallur- 
gist now  here.  The  ores  will  probably  be  best  treated  through  the  Rickard 
furnace,  and  by  the  Hunt  &  Douglass  process  of  lixiviation,  being  the 
cheapest  and  most  satisfactory  process  known  for  the  working  of  these  ores. 

Very  respectfully, 

JOHN  E.  MAGEE, 

Superintendent. 

REPORT  ON  THE  SAINT  LOUIS  MINE. 

SUPERINTENDENT'S  OFFICE,  | 

SAINT  Louis  GOLD  AND  SILVERJMINING  COMPANY,  > 

TUCSON,  Arizona,  June  8th,  1878.     ) 

COL.  JNO.  D.  GRAHAM, 

Managing  Director  Toltec  Syndicate, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

DEAR  SIR: — The  Saint  Louis  Mine,  belonging  to  the  Toltec  Syndicate,  lies 
about  one  mile  northeasterly  from  Camp  Toltec,  on  the  eastern  end  of  the 
Empress  of  India  lode.  This  wonderful  lode,  on  its  eastern  end,  forks  out 
into  three  distinct  branches,  while  other  lodes  intersect  it  at  various  places. 
The  Saint  Louis  Mine,  though  on  the  main  fork  of  the  Empress  of  India, 
is  located  as  on  the  General  Craig  lode. 

The  western  end  of  the  mine  lies  on  rather  even  ground,  cut  in  a  few 
places  by  arroyps,  while  its  eastern  end  runs  up  over  high  hills;  the  course 
of  the  vein  is  north  of  east  and  south  of  west,  and  shows  the  whole  length 
of  the  mine  from  eight  to  twenty  feet  of  metal  in  width,  though  the  crop- 
pings  are  small  above  grqund.  No  work  has  ever  been  done  on  the  mine 
except  the  prospecting  done  under  ytmr  direction. 


10 

N  ear  the  western  end  of  the  mine  an  arroyo  cuts  the  vein,  in  the  bottom 
of  which  the  ore  or  mineral  shows  a  solid  body  of  eight  feet  in  width,  im- 
b^dded  in  porphyry  and  granite,  while  two  other  threads  run  parallel  with 
this  lai^e  body  of  ore  of  twelve  and  fifteen  inches  in  width;  here  the  mine 
is  shown  in  perfect  formation,  the  vein  dipping  north,  quartz,  quartzite  and 
gangue  all  impregnated  with  copper  blende  and  copper  silver  glance  min- 
eral. 

From  this  arroyo,  for  a  distance  of  150  feet  east,  nature  has  done  a  work 
that  would  cost  many  thousands  of  dollars  to  perform;  the  wash  down 
through  the  gap  between  the  hills  at  this  point,  through  centuries  of  time, 
has  uncovered  the  vein  for  180  feet,  including  the  arroyo,  and  there  now  lies 
exposed  to  view  a  body  of  mineral  from  eight  to  twelve  feet  in  width, 
which  assays  from  $25  to  $250  right  on  the  surface ;  with  a  common  pick 
and  shovel  wagons  could  be  here  loaded  with  first  class  ore.  I  have  exam- 
ined this  mine  very  carefully  and  find  it  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  very  best 
undeveloped  property  in  the  Santa  Rita  mountains.  The  formation  is  per- 
fect ;  a  true  fissue  vein.  The  ores  are  of  the  same  class  as  those  of  its  sister 
mines,  the  Montezuma,  the  Inca,  and  the  Empress  of  India,  situated  on 
the  western  end  of  this  great  lode;  easy  of  access,  cheap  in  development, 
lying  only  six  miles  from  a  water  power  to  grind  its  ores  ;  to  me  it  seems 
one  of  the  most  if  not  the  most  valuable  property  in  the  Aztec  min- 
ing district.  Before  this  reaches  you  I  shall  have  a  force  of  men  at 
work  sinking  on  the  mine. 

My  remarks  in  the  report  on  the  Bushell  mine  relative  to  reduction  works 
need  not  be  repeated,  but  with  the  magnificent  water  power  of  the  Sonoita 
it  seems  a  crime  to  delay  by  one  day  the  erection  of  works,  to  convert  our 
inexhaustible  ore  bodies  into  silver  and  gold  bullion.  I  trust  that  you  will 
press  this  matter  upon  the  .Board,  and  upon  our  friends  in  the  east  who  de- 
sire to  see  a  successful  realization  of  their  hopes.  Our  eastern  visitors  are 
astonished  and  delighted  with  the  outlook,  and  promise  most  vigorous  ac- 
tion upon  their  return  to  the  east,  while  the  San  Francisco  and  Virginia 
City  experts,  who  have  been  examining  the  property,  are  compelled  to  ad- 
mit that  they  have  seen  nothing  to  equal  these  mines  in  this  section,  certainly 
the  richest  ^in  mineral  that  has  yet  been  discovered  in  the  United  States. 

Very  respectfully, 

JOHN  E.  MAGEE, 
Superintendent. 

The*following  letter  from  Prof.  Thos.  Davis,  the  first  Superintendent  for 
the  Aztec  Syndicate,  will  be  of  interest.  Col.  R.  J.  Hinton  in  his  "  Hand 
Book  to  Arizona/'  thus  speaks  of  the  Professor: 

"  Professor  Thomas  Davis  is  one  of  the  best  known  and  most  respected 
miners  and  practical  mineralogists  in  Arizona.  Thomas  Davis  has  spent 
over  a  quarter  of  a  century  in  the  working  of  mines,  and  possesses  also  a 
more  than  fair  theoretical  knowledge  of  the  sciences  which  are  connected 
with  his  pursuits.  "  The  Professor,"  as  he  is  usually  called,  is  one  of  those 
characters  usually  marked  only,  it  would  seem,  in  mining  and  frontier  re- 
gions. He  is  a  man  of  over  seventy  years  of  age, who  looks  "like  sixty,"  and 
a  hale  and  hearty  three-score  at  that.  He  is  a  Philadelphian  by  birth;  his 
father  was  for  many  years  connected  with  the  United  States  Mint,  as  as- 
sayer.  Professor  Davis  was  in  Texas  in  1839,  participated  in  all  movements 
connected  with  the  Lone  Star  Republic,  was  in  the  various  battles,  and,  be- 
ing captured,  remained  a  prisoner  in  Mexican  hands  for  two  years.  He 
served  as  guide  to  the  American  army,  and  participated  in  the  Taylor  cam- 


11 

paigns.  He  went  to  Africa,  and  being  shipwrecked,  with  others,  made  a 
long  journey  across  the  southern  extremity  of  the  continent,  thence  sailed 
to  India,  and  thence  home  by  way  of  Central  America.  He  has  been  in 
Cuba,  mined  in  Brazil,  Peru,  Australia,  several  years  in  California,  at 
quicksilver,  placer,  gravel  and  quartz,  and  for  twenty  years  past  has  been 
engaged  in  Mexico,  having  charge  of  large  operations.  The  old  gentleman 
is  hardy,  studious,  observant,  self-opinionated,  but  wise  in  his  specialties, 
honest  and  temperate  in  character  and  habits,  and  always  as  open  and  sim- 
ple as  a  child  in  his  ways.  Of  the  character  of  these  mines,  his  opinion  is 
worthy  of  consideration." 


LETTER  FROM  THOS.  DAVIS. 

TUCSON,  ARIZONA,  June  10th,  1878. 
COL.  JNO.  D.  GRAHAM, 

Managing  Director,-  etc. 

MY  DEAR  SIR  : —  At  the  request  of  Supt.  Magee,  I  send  you  enclosed  a 
list  of  various  assays  which  have  been  made  from  ores  of  the  Bushell, 
Saint  Louis  and  other  mines,  now  the  property  of  the  Toltec  Syndicate. 
Let  me  very  earnestly  congratulate  you  upon  your  possession  of  these  mag- 
nificent mining  claims,  and  also  as  to  your  great  success  in  the  Aztec  Syndi- 
cate. The  change  in  the  Aztec  and  Tyndall  mining  districts,  since  the 
25th  day  of  June,  1877,  on  which  date  Mr.  Magee  and  myself  began  work 
on  the  Aztec,  is  entirely  unparalelled  in  my  experience,  and  I  have  seen  the 
upsand  downs  of  mining  for  half  a  century,  and  in  almost  all  sections  of  the 
country.  Then  we  were  entirely  alone,  creeping  to  our  work  with  rifles 
ready,  leaving  men  on  the  lookout  for  Apaches  ;  and  trembling  in  our  huts  at 
Camp  Toltec  at  night ;  no  roads  but  the  old  roads  or  trails  made  by  the 
Jesuit  Fathers,  and  by  the  men  afterwards  murdered  here  by  the  Apache  In- 
dians, while  endeavoring  to  work  these  mines,  Wrightson,  Grosvenor,  Slack, 
Poston  and  others.  Now  splendid  roads,  beautiful  Camp  Toltec  with  all  the 
requisite  buildings  and  works  of  a  successful  mining  camp,  with  a  thousand 
locations  made,  the  country  overrun  with  prospectors,  speculators,  capital- 
ists and  miners  j  no  end  of  mines  being  developed,  mills  being  rapidly 
built,  you  can  scarcely  conceive  the  magnitude  of  the  change;  rely  upon  it 
the  people  of  this  section  remember  how  much  they  owe  to  your  efforts 
in  placing  before  the  people  at  large,  the  facts  in  relation  to  the  mineral 
resources  of  southern  Arizona.  Every  one  in  this  section  heartily  rejoices  in 
your  great  success. 

The  following  assays  are  from  the  Bushell  and  from  the  Saint  Louis 
mines;  these  assays  have  been  made  from  time  to  time  during  the  past  three 
years,  chiefly  for  myself,  as  I  originally  located  the  Bushell  mine.  The 
Bushell  is  the  "  Boustillo,"  or  old  Tumacacori  mine,  to  which  reference  is 
made  in  the  following  histories  of  Arizona;  the  works  of  Pumpelly,  Cozzens, 
Conklin,  Ehrenburg,  J.  Ross  Browne,  Wrightson  and  others,  and  especially 
in  "  Hinton's  Hand  Book  to  Arizona."  Having  been  recorded  as  it  sounded, 
not  as  it  was  originally  spelled,  the  record  had  to  stand,  so  it  is  to-day 
"  Bushell,"  instead  of  "  Boustillo."  The  ores  of  these  two  mines  will  run 
nearly  the  same  in  value,  and  if  they  only  average  $100  per  ton,  you  will  have 
ample  reason  to  be  content.  I  am  satisfied,  and  would  agree  to  so  contract, 
that  within  ninety  days,  from  the  day  that  the  first  stamp  is  struck  on  the 
Bushell  and  Saint  Louis  ores,  both  of  these  companies  can  pay  a  small  div- 


12 

idend,  which,  with  the  facilities  which  six  months  time  will  bring,  can  be 
increased  to  a  large  one. 


Assay 
No. 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 

Ore  From 

Silver 

Gold 

Value  per  ton 
of  2,000  Ibs. 

Old  Shaft    Bushell                

183.73 
102.12 
147.09 
93.67 
69.27 
173.04 
354.90 
493-07 
482.01 
479.66 
453.07 
34.10 
122.04 
23  % 

8.16 
3.46 
7.08 
11.17 
7.51 
2.08 
6.43 
7.21 
8.41 
10.19 
8.19 
Traces 
Traces 
1.10 
Traces 
1.28 
Traces 
Traces 
1.14 
0.20 
1.09 
Traces 
0.90 
Traces 
Traces 
Traces 
0.43 

$191  89 
105  n8 
154  17 
104  84 
76  78 
175  12 
361  33 
500  28 
490  42 
489  85 
461  26 
31  10 
122  04 
25  00 
173  05 
499  53 
640  70 
539  56 
135  19 
18  90 
38  23 
173  05 
54  96 
31  17 
60  44 
174  76 
58  60 

«               < 

««               < 

OM  Shaft   Bu  hell                 

«              i 

ii              < 

«              « 

«(              < 

«              « 

Croppir  "'s  Saint  Louis       

«c             «         « 

173  05 
498.25 
640.70 
539.56 
134.05 
18.70 
37.14 
173.05 
54.06 
31.17 
60.44 
174.76 
58.17 

<i             u         « 

"              "         <     from  arroyo  
«              <«         «         "           « 

«          «      «      .<        «    !!!!!!"!!" 

Croppings    Bushel!               

it             it 

ti             11 

Croppings  Saint  Louis  

ii             «       K 

ii             it       it 

Assays  irom  the  La  Purissima  croppings,  lowest,  $18.61  silver,  $6.43 
gold;  highest,  $271.09  silver,  $27.21  gold.  The  Knoxville,  Webster,  Ve- 
lasco  and  Ojero  run  from  $20  to  $800  per  ton,  in  common  with  the  mines  on 
that  lode.  The  Forsythe  runs  from  $25  to  $275  per  ton.  The  Rickard 
from  $20  to  $200,  and  the  Eagle  from  $25.75  silver,  and  $3.48  gold,  to 
$478.92  silver,  and  $12  gold. 

The  metal  on  the  Bushell  is  very  even  in  appearance  and  assay  value  at 
corresponding  depths  along  the  vein,  and  the  ore  on  the  Saint  Louis  is  re- 
markably well  denned  and  even  in  value  for  a  long  distance  on  the  vein. 
There  is  nowhere  in  Arizona  a  better  property  than  these  mines,  and  I  sim- 
ply state  with  my  twenty  odd  years  of  experience,  in  this  section  and  in 
Mexieo,  that  I  have  never  seen  a  location  offering  more  prospects  of  success 
than  those  of  the  Buehell  and  of  the  Saint  Louis  mines.  You  know  how 
enthusiastic  my  views  are  upon  the  La  Purissima,  the  Ojero,  the  Eagle,  the 
Forsythe,  and  the  others,  but  I  am  satisfied  that  you  will  attain  a  greater 
development  in  the  two  now  incorporated,  for  a  given  sum  expended,  than 
in  any  of  the  others.  These  are  mines  which  are  ready  to  pay  you 
back  money  from  the  first  stroke  of  the  pick,  for  there  is  ore  from  the  very 
grass  roots,  and  of  magnificent  quality,  and  in  immense  quantities. 

By  all  means  get  a  mill  at  work  at  the  earliest  possible  day  upon  these 
ores.  The  stamps  will  speak  for  the  value  of  the  mines  better  than  the 
reports  of  all  the  experts  who  ever  saw  them.  I  would  like  to  give  a  bond 
to  furnish  a  twenty  stamp  mill  with  ores  from  these  mines,  and  only  start 
at  work  extracting  ores  30  days  before  the  mill  began  to  work  ;  the  mill 
would  never  catch  up,  even  if  but  a  small  force  were  judiciously  worked.  No 
one  realizes  better  than  myself,  who  have  watched  this  section  for  so  many 
years,  what  a  debt  of  gratitude  Southern  Arizona,  and  especially  the  Aztec 
and  Tyndall  mining  districts  owe  to  your  labors,  since  you  originated  the 
old  Aztec  Syndicate,  and  I  am  confident  your  efforts  hare  been  and  are  ap- 


13 

predated  in  this  section  by  every  business  man,  miner  and  farmer;  I  am 
quite  certain,  that  your  success  in  the  Toltec  Syndicate  will  be  as  great  or 
greater  even  than  in  the  first  enterprise,  for  the  basis  is  a  most  magnificent 
property,  and  being  under  the  present  control  and  management,  there  can 
be  one  but  result — success. 

Very  respectfully  your  friend, 

THOS.  DAVIS. 

[From  the  Tucson  (Arizona)  Star,  June  13th;  1878.] 
TOLTEC   SYNDICATE   OF  MINES. 

OLD    PIONEERS    AGAIN    TO    THE    FRONT — ORGANIZATION    OF    A   NEW    SYNDICATE 

AZTEC    AND    TYNDALL    DISTRICTS     AGAIN    IN    THE    FIELD. 

We  are  pleased  to  learn  from  John  E.  Magee,  who  has  just  returned 
from  San  Francisco,  that  more  of  the  mines  in  the  Aztec  and  Tyndall  dis- 
tricts are  to  be  put  into  an  organization,  which  is  to  be  known  as  the 
"Toltec  Syndicate  of  Mines/'  The  formation  of  this  company  was  per- 
fected during  Mr.  Magee's  stay  in  San  Francisco,  and  the  officers  are 
as  follows  : 

Managing  Director — Col.  John  D.  Graham. 

Treasurer — C.  S.  Benedict. 

Superintendent — John  E.  Magee. 

Secretary — Charles  Cranz,  Jr. 

The  office-}  of  the  company  are  at  rooms  14  and  15,  302  Montgomery 
street,  San  Francisco.  In  the  districts  named  the  company  has  a  group  of 
ten  selected  mines,  which  are  well  known  among  miners  as  containing  the 
precious  metals  in  great  quantities,  and  all  that  is  required  is  capital  for 
development.  The  Syndicate  is  composed  of  twenty  shares,  all  of  which 
that  is  to  be  so!4  have  already  been  taken  by  leading  capitalists.  As  we 
said  before,  the  mines  are  located  in  the  Aztec  and  Tyndall  districts,  and 
some  of  them  have  a  history  which  at  once  stamps  them  among  the  most 
important  and  desirable  in  the  country.  Some  of  theui  have  been  worked 
by  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  by  an  ancient  process,  the  evidences  of  which  still 
linger  about  the  mines.  The  properties  have  been  held  by  the  present 
owners  for  the  past  three  years,  under  all  the  dangers  and  difficulties  inci- 
dent to  the  country  from  hostile  Indians,  and  now  place  them  in  the  Syn- 
dicate. In  December  last  the  editor  of  the  Star  paid  a  visit  to  the  Aztec 
property,  passing  over  some  of  the  mines  now  included  in  the  new  Syndi- 
cate, which  attracted  the  attention  of  our  party  iu  a  great  degree,  the 
croppings  and  general  indications  being  of  that  character  to  attrpct  upon 
the  surface.  There  is  all  the  evidence  necessary  for  a  practical  miner  to  be 
convinced  of  the  large  quantities  of  ore  deposited  in  the  selected  section 
composing  the  Syndicate,  and  its  development,  we  undjrs'.a/.id,  will  be 
speedy  and  thorough. 

We  are  glad  to  know  that  the  old  pioneers,  Messrs.  Graham  and  Magee  » 
who  brought  ou&  uhe  Aztec  district,  and  Introduced  it  so  successfully  to 
eastern  capitalists,  are  again  in  the  field  to  aid  in  the  further  development 
of  southern  Arizona,  and  knowing  the  districts  in  which  they  are  operating, 
and  the  energy,  sagacity  and  foresight  of  the  gentlemen  managing  the 
Syndicate,  we  are  confident  success  will  attend  them.  From  Mr.  Magee's 
notes  and  reports  of  the  mines  composing  the  Syndicate,  we  extract  the 
following : 

"The  names  of  the  mines  composing  the  Syndicate  are  the  Bushell, 
Eagle  and  Forsythe,  in  the  Tyndall  district,  and  the  Saint  Louis,  La  Puris- 


14 

sima,  Rickard,  Knoxville,  Ojero,  Velasco  and  Webster  in  the  Aztec  district. 
The  Webster,  Velasco  and  Knoxville  mines  are  situated  on  the  eastern  end 
of  the  famous  Empress  of  India  lode.  The  indications  and  croppings  on 
this  mine  are  of  the  same  character  as  that  of  the  now  famous  Montezuma 
mine,  while  the  Velasco  and  Knoxville  mines  are  superior  in  many  respects. 
Assays  have  been  made  which  show  all  the  way  from  $40  to  $500  per 
ton  of  silver.  The  Saint  Louis  mine  lies  about  one  mile  in  a  southeasterly 
direction  from  Camp  Toltec,  on  the  main  eastern  spur  of  the  Empress  of 
India  lode,  parallel  and  adjoining  the  Velasco  mine  on  the  south.  It  shows 
on  the  west  end  a  large  body  of  mineral,  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  in 
length  and  from  ten  to  fifteen  in  width,  while  the  vein  the  whole  length  of 
the  mine  shows  mineral  at  various  points.  An  arroyo  cuts  the  vein  near 
the  west  end  of  the  mine,  in  the  bottom  of  whieh,  embedded  in  granite 
and  porphyry,  it  shows  a  width  of  from  twelve  to  fourteen  feet.  I  con- 
sider this  mine  a  very  valuable  property.  The  Ojero,  Rickard  and  La- 
Purissima  mines  all  show  mineral  on  their  surface,  assaying  from  $25  to 
$410  per  tori,  of  silver.  The  Purissima  is  situated  on  the  eastern  end  of 
the  Jefferson  lode.  Its  ores  are  galena,  being  the  only  one  of  the  ten  that 
contains  any  amount  of  this  metal.  The  Bushell,  or  old  Tumacacori  Mis- 
sion Mine,  lies  near  Salero  Hill,  on  the  Hamilton  lode.  There  are  some 
very  old  crude  workings  on  this  mine.  The  Jesuit  Fathers,  who  founded 
the  old  Tumacacori  Mission,  on  the  Santa  Cruz  river,  worked  this  mine 
somewhat  extensively.  The  ores  are  copper  blend,  copper,  silver  glance, 
carbonates,  and  some  chlorides.  The  beautiful  blue  and  green  colors 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  Indians,  who  were  under  the  guidance  of 
the  Church,  who  brought  samples  to  the  Fathers,  who  soon  ascertained 
their  value.  Some  four  old  shafts  or  irregular  shaped  holes,  from  eighteen 
to  twenty-six  feet  in  depth,  are  now  to  be  seen  on  the  mine,  while  the  vein 
shows  a  stripping  of  some  three  hundred  feet.  For  six  hundred  and 
eighty  feet  there  is  plainly  visible  a  body  of  mineral  frdm  thirty  inches 
to  four  feet  wide.  The  vein  is  a  true  fissure.  The  walls — its  casings,  and 
the  country  rock,  are  all  a  miner  could  wish.  With  a  small  outlay  this 
mine  will  be  put  upon  a  paying  basis,  as  there  is  no  more  promising  prop- 
erty in  southern  Arizona. 

[Extracts  from  Hinton's  Hand-Book  of  Arizona.] 
THE  SANTA  RITA  MOUNTAINS. 

The  bold  sweep  of  the  Santa  Rita  mountain  range,  with  its  massive  and 
serrated  peaks,  is  the  one  commanding  object  on  which  the  observing  eye 
rests,  in  whichever  direction  the  traveler  approaches.  Passing  southward 
from  Tucson  down  the  valley  of  the  Santa  Cruz,  as  the  American  would  be 
most  likely  to  do,  the  outlines  of  the  great  peaks  rise  hazy  but  bold  in  the 
distance,  against  the  wondrously  clear  sky,  while  growing  more  majestic 
and  imposing  as  the  day's  declining  journey  brings  him  almost  under  the 
sweeping  shadows  of  Mount  Wrightson.  It  was  in  sight  of  this  superb 
range  that  the  old  Aztecs  and  Toltecs  journeyed,  and  along  its  base,  in  the 
beautiful  valley  of  Santa  Cruz,  passed  the  Spanish  explorer  and  conqueror, 
priest  or  soldier,  it  mattered  but  little  to  the  primitive  people  living  in  the 
Primera  Alta.  From  its  once  secure  and  savage  fastness,  old  Cachise  and 
his  warrior  Apaches  have  swept  down  on  settler,  miner  aad  traveler,  until 
the  region  was  desolated  by  his  forays.  The  mastering  Spaniard — soldier 
or  priest — never  seems  to  have  lifted  those  they  mastered,  but  on  the  con- 
trary, were  in  their  turn  mastered  by  the  Apache.  The  Santa  Cruz  river 


15 

rises   in  Arizona,    on  the  east  side  of  the  Patagonia  mountains,  flowing 
southward  a  short  distance  into  Sonora,  where  it  makes  a  considerable  bena, 
and  sweeps  northward  through  the  Potrero,  and  flowing  along  the  eastern 
base   of  the  Sierras  Pajarito  and   Atascoso,  till  above  Tubac  the   valley 
broadens  into  a  great  plain,  in  which  the  little  river  meanders  until  it 
strikes  again  the  Sierra  Tucson,  near  the  town  of  that  name,  and  along  be- 
yond the  base  of  which  it  flows  northward  for  miles,  when  it  sinks  and  is 
lost  permanently.     It  is  supposed  to  enter  the  Gila  by  some  subterranean 
channel  near  Florence,  about  130  miles  from  the  potrero  or  gateway  by 
which  it  enters  Arizona.     The  valley  of  the  Santa  Cruz,  south  from  Tnc- 
son,  comprises  that  portion  of  Arizona  of  which  the  most  is  known,  and  in 
which  the  Spaniards  and  Anglo-Saxons  have  struggled  the  hardest  to  maintain 
themselves  against  the  sullen  and  desperate  onslaughts  of  the  destroying 
savage,  until  at  last   the  latter  has  dashed  himself  to  fragments.      Tucson 
marks  the  termination  of  the  Spanish  effort.     Below  it  may  be  found  the 
evidence  of  its  most  steadfast  endeavor  in  the  section  under  consideration. 
The  best  Spanish  map  handed  down  to  us  is  that  of  El.  P.  E.  Pedro  (a  copy 
of  which  is  found  elsewhere),  bearing  date  1775.     This  shows  quite  a  number 
of  missions,  pueblos,  as  well   as  two  presidios,  between  the  present  frontier 
line  of  Mexico  and  the  town  of  Tucson.      Among  these  is  the  Mission  of 
Tumacacori,  the  Presidio  of  Tubac  and  the  Mission  of  San  Xavierdel  Bac, 
the  church  and  building  of  which  latter  are  still  standing.     According  to 
Bishop  Sapienta  of  Tucson,  the  first  mission  church   of  San  Xavier  was 
erected  in  1670— the  one  now  in  existence,  nearly  a  century  later.      The 
Mission  of  San  D,)minick,  at  Tuqueson,  or  Tucson,  was  located  in  1650, 
about  a  csntury  after  Coronado's  expedition  for  the  conquest  of  the  seven 
cities  of  Cibola,  passed  up  this  valley.     A  military  post  had  however  exis- 
ted there  for  three-quarters  of  a  century,     The  Tumacacori  mission  is  quite 
a  modern  affair  by  the  side  of  those  named.     The  first  church  building  was 
constructed  in  1752,  and  the  one  whose  ruins  are  shown  in  the  accomp-.iumg 
engraving  was  built  in  1802.     It  was  destroyed  by  the  Apaches  in  18A). 

The  valley  of  the  Santa  Cruz  at  Tubac  is  at  least  2,000  feet  above  sea 
level,  while  the  Atasco  range  to  the  west,  that  brown,  bald  and  bare,  looks 
down  upon  the  old  and  dilapidated  town  and  the  lovely  valley,  in  which, 
like  some  huge  daub  on  a  fair  picture,it  sets  a  very  rugged  specimen  of  an  Ari- 
zona range,  has  an  altitude  of  about  6,000  feet.  The  Santa  Rita  rises,  not  pre- 
ciptiously,  like  the  western  wall  of  the  valley,but  with  a  bold,  grand,  regular 
swell,  until  the  serrated  ridge  attains  an  altitude  of  8,000  feet. 

To  the  north  and  west  is  a  bold  but  lesser  cone,  which  it  is  pro- 
pjsel  to  call  Hopkins'  Peak,  in  honor  of  Gilbert  Hopkins,  a  fa- 
mous mining  engineer  slain  within  the  shadows  of  these  mountains  by 
the  murderous  Apaches.  To  the  east  aad  south  of  Mount  Wright- 
son  rises  another  and  smaller  peai,  which,  has  b3en  called  Grrosvenor,  in 
honor  of  another  bold  pioneer,  who,  in  1831,  wa*  slain  near  the  old  hacienda 
at  Santa  Rita,  shortly  before  Mr.  Wrightson,  the  manager  of  the  Salero 
Company,  lost  his  life.  Prof.  Raphael  Pumpelly,  who  was  then  engineer  of 
the  works  and  mines,  the  ruins  and  shafts  of  which  are  plainly  seen  from 
the  Santa  Cruz  valley  by  the  aid  of  a  g)od  glass,  gives  a  spirited  account  of 
what  life  in  southern  Arizona  and  with  the  Apaches  on  the  war-path  was  at 
that  time,  in  his  valuable  bjok,  "  Across  America  and  Asia,"  which  sh>uld 
be  read  by  all  who  desire  the  testimony  of  an  accomplished  savant  and  min- 
eralogist as  to  the  vast  mineral  wealth  imbedded  in  this  range. 

The  Santa  Oruz  flows  very  near  tne  Sierra  AUsco,  at  whose  base 
this  evidence  of  Jesuit  endeavor  and  sacrifice  is  seen — a  strange  spec- 


16 

tacle  indeed  in  so  wild  a  land.  Looking  eastwardly,  the  eye  takes  in  for 
some  miles  a  bold  reach  of  rising  mesa,  whose  rugged  lines  are  made  pictur- 
esque by  the  abundant  oaks  and  mesquits,and  are  softened  by  a  greyish-brown 
gramma  grass,  which  is  here  so  abundant.  During  the  rainy  seasons  the 
Santa  Rita  is  verdant  to  the  summit  of  the  ridge,  and  the  scene  is  altogether 
striking  and  beautiful.  The  narrow  valley,  at  this  point  two  miles  wide, 
has  an  abundant  fringe  of  ash,  mesquit  and  cottonwood  trees,  the  laUer 
being  of  the  largest  size.  There  is  a  sufficiency  of  water  for  all  purposes, 
and,  with  careful  engineering,  irrigation  will  always  find  ample  supply. 
_  The  ruins  of  St.  Joseph  Mission,  Tumacacori,  are  located  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Santa  Cruz,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  dwelling  of 
Mr.  King.  There  is  abundant  evidence  of  long  continued  cultivation  in 
the  vicinity,  and  still  with  the  rather  shiftless  farming  of  the  present, 
rancherias  in  the  vicinity  bring  good  returns.  The  mission  buildings, 
of  which  sufficient  remains  to  show  their  character,  were  of  large  extent, 
and  yet  cover  a  considerable  area. 

Prof.  Thomas  Davis,  Superintendent  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate  Mines, 
who  has  spent  the  last  thirty  years  in  the  mineral  fields  of  Mexico  and 
the  United  Stateg,  states  that  when  he  first  passed  down  the  Santa  Cruz 
Valley  in  1849,  the  church  roof  was  nearly  intact,  and  much  of  the  interior 
was  in  good  preservation.  There  were  many  fruit  trees,  pomegranates, 
peaches,  etc.,  bearing  profusely,  and  the  walls  that  once  enclosed  the  home 
orchard  and  garden  were  still  to  be  traced  by  the  eye.  They  are  now  almost 
obliterated.  The  church  ruins  stand  square  with  the  compass,  the  principal 
front  facing  the  south.  At  the  rear  or  north  end,  there  is  a  high  wall  in 
good  preservation,  enclosing  a  circular  mortuary,  still  perfect.  Within  this 
enclosure,  evidently  the  ground  for  meditation,  the  wall  contains  niches,  still 
perfectly  defined  and  evidently  once  used  as  shrines.  It  is  notable  that  the 
place  of  sepulchre  should  be  the  one  best  preserved.  To  the  west  of  the 
church  is  a  large  enclosure,  the  walls  of  which  are  readily  traced.  It  is 
evident  that  this  was  the  work-yard  of  the  mission,  as  there  are  the  remains 
of  arastas,  rude  smelting  vassos  or  furnaces,  a  few  heaps  of  debris,  etc., 
to  show  that  the  good  Jesuits  were  actively  engaged  in  the  mining  and 
working  of  ores.  On  the  east  of  the  church  can  be  traced  soms  buildings, 
which  appear  to  have  been  the  mission  residence. 

This  mission  has  an  eventful  history.  At  the  time  of  our  war  of  independ- 
ence it  was  in  the  full  tide  of  its  activity.  The  sagacious  padres  looked  after 
not  only  the  salvation  of  their  Indian  peons  and  converts,  but  even  more 
strenuously  sought  the  temporal  results  to  be  obtained  for  their  church  and 
the  Society  of  Jesus,  by  working  the  wonderful  mineral  lodes  located  in  the 
mountains  that  overshadow  these  ruins,  or  are  outlined  in  front  of  them  at  a 
few  miles  distance. 

The  earlier  and  more  positive  information  of  settlements  in  the  Santa  Cruz 
valley,  from  the  Sonora  line  to  Tucson,  show  that  the  Missions  of  San  Xavier 
del  Bac,  St.  Gertrude,  at  Tubac,  St.  Joseph,  at  Tumacacori,  San  Miguel,  of 
Sonoita,  those  of  Guevavi,  Calabasas,  Arinaca  and  Santa  Anna,  existed  in  1751. 
In  that  year,  one  Luis,  from  the  town  of  Saric,  who  passed  himself  off  as  a 
sorcerer,  instigated  the  Indians  of  Poimaria  Alta  to  a  rebellion  against  the 
Spanish  government  and  its  missions,  and  these  Indians,  together  with  the 
Series,  caused  the  priests  great  suffering  and  loss,  killing  three  of  their  num- 
ber and  hindering  all  the  missionaries  in  their  religious  duties  until  1754,  when 
peace  came.  They  were  undisturbed  again  at  Tumacacori  until  an  Indian  ris- 
ing in  1802,  by  which  the  first  church  was  destroyed.  It  was  replaced  by  the 
structure  whose  ruins  are  now  seen.  Then  came  the  revolution  in  Mexico. 
The  republic  was  established,  the  Jesuits  banished,  and  their  church  property 


17 

confiscated.  The  Tumacacori  mission  was  abandoned,  and  naught  remains  of 
their  history  and  doings,  as  known  to  the  world,  but  tales  handed  down  from 
generation  to  generation,  and  one  or  two  books,  which  speak  of  the  Salero, 
Tumacacori  (the  Bushell),  and  Plancha  de  la  Plata  mines.  The  Salero  is  in 
the  Tyndall  district,  the  Tumacacori  has  never  been  found,  and  the  Plancha  de 
la  Plata,  or  Placers  of  Silver,  are  located  some  twenty  miles  southwest  of  here, 
stretching  across  the  boundary  line. 

This  region,  like  the  balance  of  Arizona,  is  perhaps  less  known  to  the  coun- 
try at  large  than  any  other  portion  of  our  continental  area,  and  yet  no  portion 
of  our  frontier  territory  has  ever  been  so  extensively  written  about,  or  more 
thoroughly  examined  in  years  gone  by,  as  well  as  more  recently.  A  talented 
group  of  men,  many  of  them  widely  known  in  the]  public  events  of  the  past  two 
decades,  have  been  connected  with  the  Santa  Cruz  valley  and  the  mineral  ex- 
ploration of  the  Santa  Rita,  Tioajalta  and  Patagonia  sierras.  From  1858  to 
1861,  the  town  of  Tubac  was  headquarters  for  the  Salero  Mining  Company, 
and  also  for  the  Cerro  Colorado  and  other  organizations.  The  first  named  was 
a  Cincinnati  Company,  formed  to  work  the  Solero  and  other  mines  to  the  east 
of  the  Tumacacori  mission,  already  described.  Mr.  Wrightson,  formerly  of  the 
Cincinnati  Enquirer,  was  its  organizer  and  earliest  manager.  H.  C.  Grosvenor, 
an  English  engineer,  was  also  superintendent ;  Gilbert  Hopkins,  a  well-known 
mineralogist  and  engineer,  Professor  Raphael  Pumpelly,  geologist,  engineer 
and  author,  now  professor  at  Harvard,  were  the  earliest  American  explorers  and 
workers  connected  with  this  company.  Colonel  C.  C.  Poston,  formerly  dele- 
gate in  Congress  and  now  Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office;  Gen.Heint- 
zleman,  a  veteran  of  the  old  army,  Gen.  C.  P.  Stone  (now  Chief  of  Staff  in  the 
Egyptian  army),  Lieut.  Sylvester  Mowry,  Sam  Butterworth,  Colonel  Talcott, 
Herman  Ehrenberg,  Gustavus  Kustel,  Frederick  Brunkow,  mining  engineers  of 
repute,  were  among  the  daring  men  who  sought  for  treasure  here,  and  while  find- 
ing it,  were  found  by  the  Apaches  and  compelled  to  leave.  Some  of  them,  nota- 
bly Wrightson,  Hopkins  and  Grosvenor,  and  also  a  brother  of  Col.  Poston,  lost 
their  lives,  and  were  buried  under  the  shadow  of  these  '•  everlasting  hills." 
The  records  and  reports  left  by  these  daring  explorers  are  in  evidence  of  the 
vast  wealth  barely  touched  in  the  Santa  Rita,  though  native  Aztec,  Jesuit 
priest  and  Spanish  explorer  have  worked  in  them  for  centuries  past.  The  im- 
portance of  this  region  can  be  seen  when  it  is  stated  that  seventy-five  years  ago 
the  Spanish  records  shows  that  there  were  150  silver  mines  in  operation  within 
fifteen  miles  circuit  of  the  Presidio  of  Tubac.  J.  Ross  Browne,  in  his  decidedly 
interesting  work,  the  "Apache  Country,"  as  also  in  his  reply  to  the  general 
government,  on  the  mines  and  minerals  of  the  United  States,  Colonel  Cretnony  in 
a  work  on  the  Apaches,  Bartlett's  Personal  Narrative  of  the  United  States 
Boundary  Survey,  Dr.  Rothrock  of  the  Wheeler  Expeditions,  Professor  Riymond, 
Whipple,  Emory,  Cooke  and  other  officers  of  the  United  States  Ar.-ny,  all 
refer  to  both  the  mineral  wealth  and  the  natural  beauty  and  attractiveness 
of  this  region. 

Starting  from  the  ruins  of  Tumacacori  into  the  heart  of  the  former  Apache 
fastness,  whose  mountain  sides  are  yet  fed  with  the  blood  Cachise  has  shed,  the 
footsteps  of  later  adventurers  maybe  easily  and  more  pleasurably  traced.  The 
activity  produced  by  the  success  already  beginning  to  crown  the  tenacious  exer- 
tions and  courage  of  men  like  Colonel  John  D.  Graham,  the  able  Secretary  ot 
the  Aztec  Syndicate,  of  Professor  Davis,  its  Superintendent,  who  twenty-eight 
years  since,  prospected  this  region  at  the  risk  of  his  life  ;  of  ex-Governor  Saf- 
ford,  the  ablest  Executive  Arizona  has  had,  and  John  B.  Magee,  the  active  and 
talented  resident  manager  of  the  Aztec  property,  of  Charles  Brown,  Tom  Rod- 
dick, Captain  Smitli  (now  dead),  and  others,  men  who  have  never  lost  courage 
and  have  steadily  pressed  on  to  their  work  amid  privations,  danger  and  arduous 
exertions — this  success  is  in  remarkable  contrast  with  defeats  and  losses  that 
preceded  the  present  situation.  It  has  not  been  all  plain  sailing,  how- 


18 

ever,  nor  are  all  the  obstacles  overcome.  None  remain,  however,  which  capi- 
tal, courage  and  industry  will  not  surmount. 

According  to  the  reports  handed  down,  the  Tumacacori  mine  was  distant  as 
the  crow  flies,  but  a  short  morning's  walk  from  the  Mission  in  the  valley  below. 
The  Hamilton  lode,  upon  which  are  the  Hamilton  and  Bushell  mines,  lies 
exactly  east,  and  less  than  ten  miles  off.  There  is  still  an  old  trail  plainly 
discernible,  which  strikes  the  present  wagon-road  some  distance  below  the  old 
hacienda.  Mr.  Wrightson,  the  first  American  superintendent,  reported  on  these 
mines  in  1859,  that: 

"The  ores  are  suited  to  both  smelting  and  amalgamation  The  smelting 
ores  are  those  in  which  there  is  a  very  large  admixture  of  lead  or  a  very  rich 
sulphuret  of  silver  and  copper.  The  amalgamation  ores  are  those  where  the 
culls  of  silver  and  copper  predominate.  The  Crystal  and  the  Encarnacion 
mines  yield  smelting  ores.  The  Bustillo,  the  Cazader,  the  Ojero  and  the  Juller 
mines  yield  ores  which  by  assortment  can  be  treated  by  both  processes.  The 
Salero  yields  amalgamation  ore." 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  PRESS. 


[From  the  Los  Angeles  Evening  Express,  December  3d,  1877.] 
ARIZONA  MINES. 

Three  days  ago,  Col.  J.  D.  Graham,  Secretary  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate, 
arrived  here  with  a  large  party  of  gentlemen  of  financial  standing  in  several 
of  the  eastern  cities,  on  their  way  to  Arizona,  to  inspect  a  number  of  mines 
in  the  Aztec  District.  They  had  made  their  arrangements  to  spend  a  few 
days  in  our  city,  visiting  our  orange  groves  and  vineyards,  and  will  start  on 
the  train  to-morrow  for  Yuma.  The  party  consists  of  Col.  John  D.  Graham 
of  San  Francisco,  Col.  Wm.  G.  Boyle,  of  Arizona,  H.  R.  Allen,  of  Indian- 
apolis, John  K.  Wallace,  of  Philadelphia,  F.  H.  Steel,  of  Oil  City,  Pa.,  Alex. 
Whildin,  of  Philadelphia,  Col.  Chas.  W.  Tozer,  San  Francisco,  E.  Conklin, 
of  Frank  Leslie's  Illustrated  News,  and  Col.  R.  J.  Hinton,  editor  of  the  San 
Francisco  Post.  The  particular  mines  which  these  gentlemen  are  on  their 
way  to  examine,  are  the  Aztec,  the  Inca,  the  Iturbide,  the  Almoner,  and 
others  belonging  to  the  Aztec  Syndicate.  They  are  not  new  mines ;  the  vein 
was  worked  one  hundred  years  ago  by  the  Jesuits,  with  great  success.  The 
Apaches,  however,  have,  up  to  a  very  recent  period,  held  possession  of  the 
Territory,  excepting  during  a  short  interval  about  twenty  years  ago,  when 
the  mines  were  reopened,  and  paid  handsomely;  such  authorities  in  mines  as 
Professor  Pumpelly,  now  of  Harvard  University,  J.  Ross  Browne  and  Pro- 
fessors Ehrenberg,  Hopkins,  "Wrightson  and  Grosvenor  have,  at  different 
times,  examined  these  mines,  and  reported  very  favorably  upon  them. 
Professor  Wm.  T.  Rickard,  F.  C.  S.,  is  now  there  in  charge  of  the  metallur- 
gical department  of  the  Company,  who  propose  to  put  up  mills  and  smelting 
works  immediately.  The  company  have  one  of  the  best  water  power  ease- 
ments on  the  coast,  near  the  mines  on  the  Sonoita  river,  and  turbine  wheels 
and  other  machinery  is  now  on  its  way  there,  to  ba  put  to  utiliza  tha  water 
power  to  run  their  mills. 

The  party  will  proceed  from  Yuma  to  Tucson,  and  thence  to  the  mines  in 
their  own  conveyances,  Col.  Graham  having  sent  forward  by  yesterday's 
train  eight  fine  Kentucky  mules  and  two  large  travelling  wagons.  We  look 
upon  this  as  the  most  important  party  from  abroad  which  has  yet  taken  an 
interest  in  the  development  of  mining  property  in  Arizona.  They  represent 
a  large  amount  of  capital,  and  will  report  for  parties  who  are  able  and  will- 
ing to  make  very  extensive  investments  in  the  mines  of  that  Territory,  if  the 
facts  come  up  to  their  expectations.  A  variety  of  circumstances  are  in  pro- 
gress, which  induce  us  to  believe  that  we  are  on  the  eve  of  witnessing  a 


19 

great  mining  revival  in  Arizona  Eastern  capitalists  are  beginning  to  take  a 
lively  interest  in  the  mines  of  that  Territory,  and  the  splendid  developments 
made  recently  at  various  points  in  Arizona,  have  attracted  an  attention  to  its 
metal  resouces,  which  must  necessarily,  in  our  opinion,  result  in  testing 
thoroughly  the  capacity  of  the  leads  already  opened.  If  we  should  greatly 
discount  our  present  anticipations,  and  realize  but  a  very  small  proportion 
of  the  hopes  we  now  have  in  reference  to  that  Territory,  it  would  still  become 
a  very  prosperous  mining  country.  We  are  aware  that  the  men  who  pioneer 
the  way  to  new  settlements  are  always  sanguine,  but  we  have  had  proofs  in 
reference  to  the  rich  mineral  character  of  Arizona  which  we  cannot  brush 
aside.  When  the  mines  of  that  Territory  are  properly  developed  by  capital 
and  energy,  we  feel  assured  that  a  new  El  Dorado  will  be  opened  that  will 
eclipse  Nevada. 

[From  the  Yuma,  (Arizona,)  Sentinel,  December  8th,  1877.] 

On  Monday  came  Col.  John  D.  Graham  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate,  with 
eight  fine  large  Kentucky  mules,  a  good  saddle  horse,  two  ambulances,  and 
the  most  complete  travelling  outfit  ever  brought  into  Arizona;  one  of  the 
wagons  was  an  ambulance  built  expressly  for  Dr.  Dio  Lewis'  famous 
Yosemite  trip,  and  the  other  was  just  as  good.  A  couple  of  days  were  passed 
here  in  shoeing  the  animals  and  putting  the  outfits  into  thorough  good  con- 
dition. 

On  Wednesday  morning  came  Col.  W.  G.  Boyle,  well  known  in  mining 
circles,  and  Col.  R.  J.  Hinton,  of  the  San  Francisco  Post;  with  them  came  a 
party  of  eastern  capitalists,  travelling  for  pleasure,  health  and  information. 
They  are  guests  of  Col.  Graham,  and  will  be  shown  everything  of  interest  in 
Southern  Arizona;  whether  they  make  any  investments  among  us  depends 
entirely  on  whether  they  see  anything  that  suits  them,  and  is  a  secondary 
consideration.  Their  party  consists  of  Col.  Chas.  W.  Tozer,  an  old  Arizo- 
nian,  who  has  made  one  of  his  periodical  "big  raises,"  who  knows  the 
Santa  Rita's,  and  wants  some;  Dr.  H.  R.  Allen,  who  is  known  as  an  able 
business  man  of  ample  fortune,  and  has  been  very  successful  in  mining  en- 
terprises in  Nevada  and  Montana ;  Mr.  Alexander  Whildin,  a  wealthy  retired 
merchant  of  Philadelphia;  Mr.  John  K.  Wallace,  one  of  the  great  oil  men  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  Pennsylvania  oil  country;  Mr.  F  .  H.  Steel,  a  wealthy 
banker  of  the  oil  country,  who  has  been  looking  up  mining  properties  in 
Montana,  and  taken  an  interest  in  such  enterprises,  though  he  is  here 
chiefly  in  search  of  health;  Mr.  E.  Conklin,  an  artist  connected  with  Frank 
Leslie,  and  agent  of  the  American  Press  Association,  is  also  a  guest  of  Col. 
Graham,  and  will  take  photographic  views  and  sketches  of  the  Santa  Rita 
mountains,  mines  and  other  objects  of  interest.  He  has  been  out  here  be- 
fore, and  is  well  and  favorably  known. 

Col.  Graham  is  a  pusher,  and  is  now  trying  to  wake  eastern  people  up  to 
a  realizing  sense  of  the  extent  and  richness  of  Arizona's  resources;  Boyle  is 
an  old  Arizona  pioneer,  and  an  old  Nevada  miner.  To  advance  the  interests 
of  this  Territory  he  has  labored  unceasingly,  both  in  the  United  States  and 
abroad;  he  has  interested  English  capitalists  here,  and  they  are  doing  work 
here  now.  The  party  will  take  its  time  in  reaching  Tucson;  they  propose  to 
camp  one  night  at  the  Casa  Grande,  and  sleep  in  the  old  ruins — revel  in  the 
halls  of  the  most  ancient  of  the  Montezumas. 

These  Eastern  men  are  prepared  to  overlook  the  newness  and  difficulties  of 
the  country;  thanks  to  Graham's  thoughtful  care,  they  can  look  leisurely  up- 
on its  good  points,  and  have  no  incentive  to  carp  upon  its  bad  ones.  They 
are  men  who  move  at  home  in  circles  where  Arizona  most  wants  to  be  known 
and  talked  about.  They  will  go  back  with  clearer  and  better  ideas  of  the 
resources  of  the  country  than  can  be  had  by  men  travelling  here  with  fewer 


20 

facilities  than  theirs  for  obtaining  information.  They  will  go  back,  and  be 
living,  eloquent  advertisements  of  Arizona,  and  do  much  to  influence  capital 
to  seek  us.  We  are  satisfied  that  if  these  gentlemen  will  look  with  impar- 
tial eyes,  they  can  form  but  one  conclusion,  favorable  to  us.  Arizona  has 
the  resources,  and  only  wants  just  such  chances  for  showing  them;  the  dust 
and  dreariness  of  the  Gila  road  will  be  forgotten  in  the  beauty  and  wealth 
of  the  Santa  Bita  mountains.  The  course  being  pursued  by  Col.  Graham 
is  one  that  should  be  followed  by  others  interested  in  the  development  of 
Arizona.  Instead  of  grumbling  because  capitalists  will  not  come  here  on  the 
strength  of  rich  specimens  and  big  assays,  they  invite  influential  parties 
to  come  and  see  what  we  have  here,  and  provide  every  means  for  securing 
their  guests'  comfort  and  pleasure ;  the  best  proof  of  the  merits  of  their  min  - 
ing  property  may  be  found  in  their  anxiety  to  have  people  examine  it . 

[From  the  Tucson  Star,  December  13th,  1877.] 
COL.  GKAHAM'S  PAETY. 

Col.  John  D.  Graham,  Secretary  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate,  is  now  en  route  to 
Tucson,  with  a  large  party  of  eastern  capitalists,  who  are  on  a  prospecting 
tour  in  Arizona,  looking  after  mining  interests,  and  if  developments  are  sat- 
isfactory, they  intend  to  invest  largely  in  mining  speculations.  They  arrived 
in  Yuma  on  Monday  last,  where  their  own  outfit  awaited  them,  composed  of 
eight  Kentucky  mules,  two  ambulances  and  a  saddle  horse,  with  which  they 
started  over  the  country.  We  have  heard  of  this  party  at  different  stations 
along  the  route,  the  last  time  at  Maricopa,  and  they  are  expected  to  arrive 
here  on  Friday  or  Saturday  next.  The  party  numbers  about  twenty,  among 
whom  are  Col.  Boyle,  well  known  in  Arizona,  Col.  K.  J.  Hinton,  of  the  San 
Francisco  Post,  Col.  Charles  W.  Tozer,  also  an  old  Arizonian,  Dr.  H.  K.. 
Allen,  founder  of  the  National  Surgical  Institute  at  Indianapolis,  who  has 
branch  establishments  at  Atlanta,  Philadelphia  and  San  Francisco.  The 
latter  has  mining  interests  in  Nevada  and  Montana;  Alex.  Whildin,  a  wealthy 
retired  merchant  of  Philadelphia;  John  K.  Wallace  of  Philadelphia,  whose 
heavy  oil  operations  in  Pennsylvania,  during  the  past  ten  years,  are  well 
known  to  the  writer,  who  formerly  resided  in  the  oil  regions.  He  is  a  gentle- 
man who  means  business.  We  know  it  from  personal  observation.  F.  H. 
Steele,  banker,  from  the  Pennsylvania  oil  regions,  we  have  known  for  many 
years.  Of  the  last  two  gentlemen  we  can  speak  from  personal  knowledge, 
and,  indeed,  we  are  glad  to  see  them  turning  their  attention  Arizonaward, 
and  we  hope  may  strike  a  "  third  sander,"  the  pebble  rock  of  which  is  good 
for  a  thousand  barrels  a  day.  Just  think  of  it,  fellow  oil  searchers:  refined 
oil  retails  in  Tucson  at  $2.00  a  gallon.  If  you  put  down  a  shaft  for  silver 
and  gold,  just  put  down  a  3-inch  driving  pipe,  with  a  sand  pump,  and  who 
knows  but  your  gold  and  silver  rock  will  throw  up  the  same  crude  oil  that 
has  made  you  all  rich  in  years  gone  by.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  lead  and 
crude  oil,  all  in  one  hole — pretty  strong,  but  how  we  would  like  to  scent  it 
once.  The  editor  of  the  Star  received  a  letter  on  Monday  last  from  C.  D. 
Angell,  Esq.,  dated  at  Florence,  which  stated  he  was  going  to  Globe  City, 
and  would  come  around  this  way  during  his  prospecting  tour.  Mr.  Angell 
is  one  of  the  foremost  oil  men  of  Pennsylvania  ;  the  discoverer  of  the  "  oil 
belt  theory,"  which  traces  the  oil  in  the  rock  thousands  of  feet  below  the 
surface.  He,  too,  is  one  of  the  successful  men  of  the  Pennsylvania  oil 
regions.  If  he  bores  for  oil  he  will  go  to  the  "  sixth  sand  "  (shamburg),  but 
he  will  strike  a  lead.  We  hope  to  shake  his  hand  within  a  few  days.  Mr. 
E.  Conklin,  an  artist  for  Frank  Leslie's  newspaper,  is  with  the  Aztec  party. 
Look  out  for  illustrations  of  our  country.  There  are  many  others  with  the 
party.  Col.  Graham  is  the  instigator  of  this  excursion  of  capitalists,  and 
their  visit  to  Arizona  may  be  laid  at  his  door.  If  we  had  a  few  more  Col. 


21 


Grahams,  to  take  some  active  part  in  introducing  eastern  men,  or  any  other 
men  with  capital,  and  'developing  our  Territory,  Arizona  would  soon  step  to 
the  front. 


[From  the  Tucson  Weekly  Star,  December  20th,  1877.] 
THE  AZTEC  MINING  DISTEICT. 

As  was  announced  in  our  last  issue,  a  large  party  of  gentlemen  arrived  in 
this  city  on  Friday  last,  bound  for  the  Aztec  mining  district,  in  the  Santa 
Eita  mountains.  This  party  was  invited  by  Col.  John  D.  Graham,  through 
Col.  Boyle,  during  his  late  trip  to  the  East,  to  visit  the  property  of  the  Aztec 
Syndicate,  and,  after  a  very  pleasant  trip  from  Yuma,  lasting  ten  days,  the 
party  found  themselves  in  the  comfortable  quarters  of  ,Gov.  Safford,  with  a 
prospect  of  a  few  days'  rest  before  them,  previous  to  leaving  for  the  mines. 

The  following  gentlemen  comprise  the  party  who  will  visit  the  mines:  Dr. 
H.E.Allen,  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  Alex.  Whildin,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  John  K.  Wallace,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Frank  H.  Steel,  Esq.,  of 
Oil  City,  Pa.,  Col.  Chas.  W.  Tozer,  of  San  Francisco;  Col.  E.  J.  Hinton,  of 
San  Francisco;  E.  Conklin,  Esq.,  of  Frank  Leslie's  Illustrated  Newspaper, 
and  agent  of  the  American  Press  Association;  and  Col.  J.  D.  Graham,  of  San 
Francisco,  under  whose  care  the  party  have  travelled  since  leaving  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

The  party  were  warmly  received  by  our  leading  citizens,  and  every  facility 
shown  them  to  guage  our  resources  in  Tucson  and  its  surrounding  and  tribu- 
tary country.  The  prospects  6f  our  various  mining  districts  have  been  laid 
before  them,  and  much  good  may  be  looked  for  in  this  section,  from  the 
scrutiny  and  investigation  of  our  mining  resources  which  these  gentlemen 
will  give  them.  Dr.  Allen  and  Col.  Tozer  are  both  thoroughly  competent  to 
report  upon  such  subjects,  and  we  feel  well  assured  it  only  requires  an  inves- 
tigation on  the  part  of  competent  men  to  place  Southern  Arizona  in  its  true 
light ;  to  this  end  Colonel  Graham  has  labored  unceasingly  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe  for  many  years,  and  through  good  and  ill  report  he  has  been 
steadfast  in  his  opinions  that  the  Santa  Eita  Mountains  offered  the  finest  field 
to  mining  men  known  in  the  world.  All  of  the  concomitants  of  successful 
mining  are  here — ores,  wood,  water,  grass,  the  most  equable  and  delightful 
climate  known;  all  going  to  make  up  a  mining  district  whose  advantages  have 
rarely  been  equalled— never  surpassed.  The  party  left  on  Monday  last  with 
their  own  teams,  and  will  be  absent  probably  ten  days  or  more,  if  the  weather 
permits  and  circumstances  require  it;  during  this  time  they  will  be  kept  busy 
in  the  mountains  and  in  the  valleys  which  encircle  the  Santa  Eita's.  During 
the  trip  Mr.  Conklin  took  a  large  number  of  photographs  of  prominent 
beauties  and  curiosities  in  the  Territory,  and  he  will,  in  addition  to  this, 
photograph  all  notable  objects  in  the  Santa  Cruz  Valley  and  in  the  Santa 
Eita's,  including  the  mines  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate.  A  number  of  mines 
belonging  to  Colonel  Graham  individually,  if  it  is  possible  to  make  the  time, 
and  various  lodes  and  old  workings,  and  the  old  Hacienda  de  Santa  Eita,  the 
scene  of  Prof.  Eaphael  Pumpelly's  labors  many  years  since — scenes  made 
famous  by  Hon.  J.  Eoss  Browne,  Cozzens,  Hodge,  Wrightson,  Kustel,  Ehren- 
berg  and  others  will  be  visited  also,  and,  from  this  the  people  of  the  United 
States  may  be  enabled  to  learn  something  of  the  country  so  long  terra  incog- 
nita— the  land  of  the  Apaches — the  Santa  Eita  mountains.  We  availed  our- 
self  of  an  invitation  kindly  extended  by  Col.  Graham  to  make  one  of  the  ex- 
ploring party,  and  in  our  next  issue  we  shall  try  to  give  our  readers  a  full, 
true  and  particular  account  of  where  we  went  and  what  we  saw  with  the 
Aztec  party  in  the  Santa  Eita's.  (This  visit  is  referred  to  in  the  News  Letter 
article  of  Jan.  19th,  1878.) 


•  22 

[From  the  San  Francisco  News  Letter,  January  6th,  1878.] 
LATEST  FROM  ARIZONA. 

Some  weeks  since  we  alluded  to  the  arrival  in  this  city  of  a  party  of  eastern 
capitalists  en  route  to  visit  the  property,  mines,  etc.,  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate, 
in  the  Santa  Rita  mountains  of  southern  Arizona.  Since  the  publication 
alluded  to,  the  party  has  made  the  trip  to  Arizona  and  returned  therefrom. 
From  Yuma  the  journey  to  Toltec  Camp  (15  miles  from  the  Sonora  line)  was 
made  in  private  conveyances,  purchased  for  the  trip  by  Col.  Graham,  secre- 
tary of  the  Aztec  Syndicate.  The  return  trip  was  made  in  part  by  stage. 
We  understand  that  the  eastern  visitors  are  entirely  satisfied,  not  only  with 
Arizona's  general  capacities  as  a  mining  region,  and  the  Territory's  capacity 
to  sustain  a  large  population  and  return  remunerative  results  for  bold  outlays 
of  capital,  but  that  they  are  especially  pleased  with  the  property  they  went 
to  visit,  finding  it  as  they  did,  a  mineral  region  with  unparalleled  natural 
advantages  of  accessibility,  climate,  poil,  grass,  wood  and  water,  and  possess- 
ing almost  unlimited  mineralogical  facilities.  The  Aztec  mines  are,  so  far  as 
developed  (the  work  was  only  begun  last  June),  quite  as  promising  as  ex- 
pected, while  the  mountain  spurs  are  permeated  in  every  direction  with 
mineral  bodies  and  veins.  Col.  Graham,  of  the  Syndicate,  possesses  the 
only  available  water  power  of  the  region,  situated  in  the  Sonoita  Valley;  at 
the  mill  site  the  measurement  showed  a  present  capacity  of  250  miners' 
inches.  The  stream  is  permanent,  being  fed  from  a  mountain  spring,  and 
in  general  the  capacity  equals  400  miners'  inches.  Active  work  is  being  done 
on  the  mill  site,  and  one  of  Professor  Rick^ards'  new  patent  Oxidizing  and 
Chloridizing  Furnaces  is  now  in  process  of  construction,  under  the  personal 
direction  of  the  Professor,  who  has  been  engaged  as  Metallurgist,  etc.,  by  the 
Syndicate.  Other  works  are  projected  and  the  machinery  ordered.  Dr.  H. 
R.  Allen  of  the  eastern  party,  is  experienced  in  mining  operations,  being 
largely  interested  in  Montana  and  elsewhere.  He  brought  to  the  examination 
of  this  property  both  scientific  knowledge  and  practical  experience,  and  ex- 
presses himself  entirely  satisfied  with  its  capacities.  Southern  Arizona  may 
be  congratulated  on  the  fact  that  a  large  amount  of  eastern  capital  is  sure  to 
be  invested.  The  visitors  passed  over  the  proposed  route  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  expressed  themselves  as  more  than  satisfied  with  the 
prospects  and  purposes  of  the  railroad  managers.  They  will  use  their  influ- 
ence eastward  at  the  national  capital  to  aid  the  completion  through  Arizona 
of  the  enterprise  which  has  already  constructed  800  miles  of  railroad  with 
no  subsidy  other  than  a  moderate  land  grant. 


[From  the  San  Francisco  News  Letter,  Jan.  19th,  1878.] 
THE  AZTEC  SYNDICATE. 

We  are  persuaded"^  that  those  who  at  this  moment  are   engaged  in  opening 
up  the  marvelous  wealth  of  Arizona,  will,  in  the  near  future,  occupy  as  con- 
spicuous and  as  enviable  a  position,  before  the  whole  nation,  as  do  the  early 
Californian   pioneers   of  '49.     Arizona  is   undoubtedly   going   to   do  grea 
things  for  the  country.     It   has  been   aptly   termed  by   Col.  Graham,  th< 
father  of  the  great  Aztec  Syndicate — "  THE  TREASTJBE  HOME  OF  THE  CONTINENT.  ' 
Heretofore   it  has  had  that    treasure  house  locked  up  by  the  difficulties 
which  time  has  now  well  nigh  conquered.     The  Apaches  overran  the  Terri- 
tory, and  rendered  it  practically  inaccessible  to  civilized  enterprise;  then  th6 
absence  of  the  ordinary  means  of  transit   made  it  impossible  to  develope  its 
mountains  and  valleys  pregnant  with  the  precious  metals.     The  rapid  pro- 
gress made  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  has,  in  a  large  degree,  removed 
that  difficulty;  for  now  one  may  leave  San  Francisco  in  the  morning  by  rail, 


23 

and  within  three  days  and  a  half  be  landed  in  the  very  heart  of  Arizona; 
other  means  of  transit  will  rapidly  increase,  and  soon  the  Territory,  in  most 
of  its  more  promising  parts,  will  be  as  open  to  industry  and  capital,  as  is 
California  itself.  Thus  the  road  to  the  treasure  house  being  made  compara- 
tively easy  and  absolutely  safe,  it  only  remains  that  capital  should  apply  the 
necessary  key,  that  will  reveal  to  view  the  vast  stores  of  wealth  that  nature 
has  concentrated  in  that  region.  We  have  intimated  an  opinion,  that  those 
now  engaged  in  developing  Arizona,  will,  at  a  day  not  far  distant  be  classed 
with  the  Calif ornian  pioneers  of  '49;  when  that  day  arrives,  as  it  assuredly 
will  ere  long,  we  are  persuaded  that  the  members  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate 
will  be  looked  upon  with  gratitude,  and  be  esteemed  among  the  foremost 
benefactors  of  Arizona.  This  we  say  with  no  present  intent  to  flatter  any 
one,  but  with  a  feeling  strong  upon  us  as  to  the  great  future  that  is  in  store 
for  the  enterprise  now  being  pushed  forward  in  Arizona.  The  Aztec  Syndi- 
cate was  formed  on  April  24th,  1877,  by  five  gentlemen  residents  in  San 
Francisco,  the  leading  spirit  of  the  enterprise  being  Col.  Graham.  Work 
was  begun  in  June  following,  on  shaft  No.  1  of  the  Aztec  Mine;  since  that 
time  there  have  been  successfully  incorporated,  the  Inca,  Iturbide  and 
Almoner  mines,  and  operations  are  being  carried  on  with  energy  and  econ- 
omy upon  each.  Since  the  inauguration  of  the  Syndicate,  Eastern  capital 
has  joined  in  the  enterprise;  and  last  month  a  party  of  gentlemen  inter- 
ested, invited  by  Col.  Graham,  visited  the  district,  examined  the  Syndicate 
property  and  operations,  and  came  away  delighted  with  one,  and  satisfied 
with  the  other. 

The  Arizona  Weekly  Star  of  December  the  27th,  last,  is  at  hand,  with  a 
highly  interesting  account,  four  columns  long,  of  the  visit  of  the  gentlemen 
alluded  to,  with  a  very  minute  and  circumstantial  description  of  the  Syndi- 
cate's works,  operations,  etc.  We  regret  that  it  is  too  lengthy  for  reproduc- 
tion in  these  columns.  Among  the  party  we  notice  the  names  of  gentlemen 
well  and  favorably  known;  there  were  present,  Col.  John  D.  Graham,  Col- 
onel Boyle,  Dr.  H.  E.  Allen,  Alex.  Whildin,  Esq.,  John  K.  Wallace,  Esq., 
F.  H.  Steele,  Esq.,  Col.  Chas.  W.  Tozer,  Col.  E.  J.  Hinton,  E.  Conklin,  Esq., 
of  Frank  Leslie's  Newspaper,  Manager  Magee  and  Mr.  Holt.  The  report  of 
the  local  paper  describes  the  various  locations  of  the  Aztec  Syndicate,  and 
says:  "  A  large  dump  has  been  formed  at  Camp  Toltec,  and  ores  are  packed 
in  from  each  of  the  mines  now  being  worked  upon.  The  Iturbide  and 
Almoner  mines  lay  nearer  to  Camp  Toltec  than  do  the  others,  and  both  show 
evidences  of  great  promise;  a  tunnel  is  being  run  into  the  Iturbide  on  the 
central  ledge.  There  are  five  large  and  distinct  ledges  on  the  mine,  running 
east  and  west;  the  ore  is  a  yellow  and  green  chloride,  with  a  little  galena, 
and  is  uncommonly  beautiful  and  abundant;  when  the  tunnel  reaches  100 
feet  into  the  hill,  it  is  proposed  to  cross-cut  all  the  ledges.  To  Us,  the  Itur- 
bide looks  very  promising,  and  can  be  mined  very  easily.  We  are  informed 
by  Col.  Graham  that  he  will,  at  an  early  day,  organize  another  syndicate,  and 
place  on  the  market  some  mines  yet  more  valuable  than  any  ever  in  the 
Aztec  Syndicate;  we  heartily  trust  that  he  may  do  so  as  his  success  is  cer- 
tain." An  expert,  reading  the  very  minute  report  given,  cannot  fail  to  see 
on  the  face  of  it  good  faith  and  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  subject  treated 
of. 

On  Wednesday  last,  among  the  departures  for  Arizona,  were  Col.  Chas. 
W.  Tozer  and  Geo.  E.  Gibson  of  this  city.  They  are,  we  understand,  to  be  . 
joined  at  Los  Angeles  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Waterman,  of  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  a 
gentleman  of  influence  and  means,  who  is  about  to  make  an  examination  of 
the  Santa  Rita  mountains  for  mining  purposes,  and  also  the  valleys  adjacent, 
with  a  view  of  locating  a  small  agricultural  colony.  Mr.  Gibson,  whose  abil- 
ity as  an  investigator  and  financial  writer  is  well  known  to  all  the  readers  of 
the  News  Letter,  goes  to  examine  the  Aztec  Syndicate  property  in  order  to 


24 

report  thereon  for  eastern  capitalists,  while  Colonel  Tozer,  whose  ability  as 
a  mining  superintendent  is  everywhere  recognized  on  this  coast,  goes  to  take 
charge  as  resident  manager  of  the  important  enterprises  inaugurated  by  the 
Syndicate.  That  body  and  southern  Arizona  is  to  be  congratulated  on  Col. 
Tozer's  accession  to  the  management  of  these  mines,  and  a  steady  develop- 
ment of  undoubted  mineral  wealth  of  the  Santa  Rita's  may  now  be  looked 
for  "We  have  given  as  much  space  as  we  can  afford  to  this  subject ;  many  in- 
teresting particulars  remain  in  our  possession,  and  may  be  dwelt  upon  here- 
after. The  News  Letter,  strongly  impressed  with  the  great  promise  of  Ari- 
zona, continues,  as  it  early  began,  to  lend  its  best  influence  to  the  develop- 
ment of  that  marvelously  rich  region  of  country. 

PUMPELLY'S  EEPOET. 

The  Santa  Eita  mines,  which  include  those  spoken  of  herein,  lie  in  an  ele- 
vated valley,  between  the  Santa  Eita  mountains  on  the  north,  and  a  group 
of  low  and  rugged  hills  on  the  south. 

They  are  are  from  fifteen  to  twenty  miles  north  of  the  Mexican  boundary, 
and  ten  miles  east  of  the  town  of  Tubac. 

The  three  nearest  shipping  ports  are : 

Fort  Yuma,  on  the  Colorado  Eiver,      -  370  miles. 

Guaymas,  on  Gulf  of  California      -      -      -      -      260     " 
Port  Lobos,  or  Libertad,  Gulf  of  California      -       180     " 

They  are  near  the  line  proposed  for  the  Texas  Pacific  Eailroad  (and  as 
shown  by  the  accompanying  map,  on  the  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Eail- 
road), which  offers  the  fewest  engineering  difficulties  of  any  possible  route 
across  the  continent.  Arizona,  south  of  the  Gila,  extends  over  both  slopes 
of  the  Eocky  mountains,  which  here  lose  their  continuous  character,  giving 
rise  to  almost  unconnected  mountain  groups.  It  is  traversed  from  north- 
west to  south-east,  by  mountain  ranges  of  granite  and  metamorphic  rocks, 
seldom  more  than  from  sixty  to  seventy  miles  in  length,  and  distant  from 
each  other  from  twenty  to  forty  miles.  This  configuration  gives  rise  to  a 
most  remarkable  parallelism  in  the  topographical  features.  The  intervals 
between  these  ranges  are  plains,  which  descend  gently  from  the  sierras 
on  either  side.  In  the  western  part  of  the  territory,  where  little  rain 
falls,  water  courses  are  very  rare,  and  the  surface  of  the  tracts  is  almost  un- 
broken; but  in  the  central  portion,  near  the  large  mountains,  it  is  cut  out  in- 
to broad  valleys,  with  frequent  tributary  canyons.  These  plains  are  all  con- 
nected, sweeping  around  the  ends  of  the  ranges  which  rise  from  them;  and 
they  form  members  of  the  immense  quarternary  marine  deposits,  which  ex- 
tends, with  a  gentle  ascent,  from  the  Gulf  of  California  eastward. 

At  the  base  of  the  gigantic  ranges  there  are  generally  outcroppings  of 
gneiss,  micaceous  talcose  and  slate  clay,  which  underlie  the  quarternary, 
Towards  the  Gulf  of  California,  these  slates  are  accompanied  by  metamorphic 
limestone,  and  often  appear  in  independent  ridges  or  inclined  against  the 
higher  granite  hills. 

These  are  the  source  of  the  gold  of  Sonora.  Further  east  there  is  a  great 
variety  of  porphyries,  both  quartziferous  and  free  from  quartz;  these  are  the 
rocks  which,  for  the  most  part,  stand  in  the  closest  connection  with  the  sil- 
ver and  silver-gold  veins  of  the  country.  Climate  influences  have  given  the 
country  a  marked  and  peculiar  vegetation.  Towards  the  coast  the  plains  are 
barren  and  arid  deserts,  bearing  over  hundreds  of  square  miles  nothing  but 
cacti  and  other  desert  plants,  wdth  but  few  points  where  water  can  be  found. 
But  east  of  the  Babaquiveri  range  the  character  of  the  country  changes. 
Here  the  rainy  season  is  regular  in  its  occurrence,  and  both  the  quartenary 
terraces  and  the  bottom  lands  oi  the  streams  are  clothed  with  nutritive 


25 

grasses  and  scattered  acacia  trees  and  bushes;  and  in  the  neighborhood  of 
hidden  or  running  water  there  are  large  cotton- wood  trees,  and  in  places  fine 
ash  timber. 

On  the  hillsides,  above  the  level  of  the  terraces,  are  scattered  the  live-oaks 
of  the  country.  Still  higher  up  on  the  mountain  sides,  the  oaks  are  min- 
gled with  cedars,  and,  at  an  elevation  of  about  6,000  feet  above  the  sea,  the 
pine  region  begins.  The  great  abundance  of  nutritious  grasses  which  covers 
the  whole  Central  Arizona,  together  with  the  mild  climate,  make  it  one  of 
finest  grazing  countries  in  the  world.  The  extent  of  agricultural  land  is 
limited  to  those  points  where  irrigation  can  be  practiced.  Among  these  the 
valleys  of  the  Santa  Kita  and  Santa  Cruz,  which  sweeps  in  a  semi-circle  half 
around  the  Santa  Rita  Mountains,  are  the  most  important. 

The  Santa  Eita  Mountains  rise  about  12,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  nearly  8,000  feet  above  the  Hacienda  of  the  Santa  Rita.  The  southern 
foot-hills  have  rounded  forms,  and  sink  gently  to  the  Santa  Rita  Valley,  where 
they  have  a  height  of  300  to  400  feet.  The  higher  spur  of  the  foot-hills,  the 
Salero  ridge,  which  shuts  in  the  valley  on  the  east,  consists  of  a  crystal- 
line feldspar  rock,  containing  more  or  less  hornblende.  The  lower  hills  to 
the  west  consist  of  a  metamorphic  porphyric,  having  a  compact  grey  base, 
impregnated  with  carbonate  of  lime,  and  bearing  numerous  crystals  of  opaque, 
white,  triclinic  feldspar,  grains  of  quaitz,  and  dark  grey  mica  in  hex- 
agonal plates.  It  also  contains  specks  of  magnetic  iron.  This  rock,  in 
places,  shows  signs  of  bedding.  Both  of  these  rocks,  the  feldspar  horn- 
blende variety,  and  the  metamorphic  porphyry  contain  argentiferous  veins. 
The  south  wall  of  the  valley  is  formed  by  high  and  castellated  bluffs  of  por- 
phyry, conglomerate,  and  white  trifacious  strata. 

Towards  the  west,  these  are  replaced  by  a  feldspathic  porphyry,  having  a 
compact,  light  grey  base,  bearing  numerous  crystals  of  white  trictinic  feld- 
spar, and  small  prisms  of  hornblende,  but  entirely  free  from  quartz.  In 
these  rocks  no  veins  have  been  discovered. 

The  veins  of  the  Santa  Rita  are  very  numerous,  and  have,  with  few  excap  * 
tions,  a  nearly  east  and  west  course.  They  have  in  general  a  nearly  vertical 
dip,  and  a  thickness  from  ten  inches  to  two  feet,  except  in  local  instances, 
where  they  are  enlarged  to  several  feet.  Tho  gangue  is  almost  entirely 
quartz.  They  differ  but  little  in  character  of  their  outcrops,  which  are  gen- 
erally of  more  or  less  comby  quartz,  blackened  with  the  oxide  of  manganese, 
or  reddened  with  of  that  iron;  or,  in  some  instance,  thoy  consist  entirely  of 
more  or  less  argentiferous  susquioxide  of  iron,  the  product  of  the  decompo- 
sition of  the  ores.  In  other  in  .Dances,  the  predominating  colors  in  these  out- 
crops are  green,  blue  and  yellow,  resulting  from  the  alte/.iation  of  argenti- 
ferous fahl-ores,  (tetraheddte).  All  these  characteristics  are  common  to  the 
veins  in  bofch  varieties  of  rock.  They  are  unquestionably  true  fissure  veins. 
Too  little  work  has  been  done  upon  any  of  these  deposits  to  enable  me  to 
pronounce  a  decided  opinion  as  to  their  character  in  iepth;  but  tha  explora- 
tion which  has  never  been  carried  below  the  zone  of  altered  ore  has  suovvn  that, 
while  the  veins  are  narrow,  they  are  also  rich,  and  that  whan  the  »acome 
enlarged,  the  increasa  of  width  is  due  to  an  increase  in  metallic  subjtancjj  , 
and  not  to  an  increase  of  the  gangua  only.  The  veins  in  the  feldspar  horn 
blende  rock  contain  argentiferous  gray  copper  (tetrahedritej  and  galeni,. 
When  the  latter  mineral  is  not  accompanied  by  the  gray  copper,  its  yield  is 
rarely  over  0.1  per  cent,  of  silver;  but  when  associated  with  that  mineral,  it 
contains  from  0.5  to  0.75  per  -cent. 

METALLURGICAL. 

The  ores  of  Santa  Riti  Mines,  considered  from  a  metallurgical  point  of 
view,  can  be  divided  into  three  classes. 


26 

1.  Smelting  ores,  or  those  containing  much  galena  mixed  with  tetrahedrite. 

2.  Refractory  amalgamation  ores,  containing  a  smaller  percentage  of  lead, 
and  requiring  to  be  roasted  before  treatment,  either  by  the  patio  amalgama- 
tion, the  barrel  amalgamation,  the  salt  extraction,  or  any  other  of  the  older 
moist  processes. 

3.  Ores  containing  rich  tetrahedrite,  native  silver,  sulphuret  of  silver,  and 
other  simple  or  complex  salts  of  this  metal,  and  needing  neither  roasting  nor 
magistral  for  their  amalgamation  by  the  patio  process. 

Under  the  first  two  heads  comes  the  products  of  all  veins,  so  far  as  known, 
in  the  feldspar  hornblende  rock.  While  the  products,  so  far  as  known,  of 
the  veins  in  the  metamorphic  porphyry,  fall  entirely  into  the  third  class. 
The  facility  with  which  these  ores  yield  their  silver  in  the  simple  American 
amalgamation  process,  shows  that  they  could  also  be  reduced  with  equal  ease 
in  the  pan  process,  used  at  the  mines  of  Nevada.  But  the  warm  climate  and 
rarely  failing  sunshine  of  Arizona  would  scarcely  make  it  necessary  to  resort 
to  this  last  means,  which  requires  a  more  expensive  machinery.  The  live- 
oaks  of  the  hills,  the  acacia  trees  of  the  valley,  offer  the  fuel  necessary  for 
smelting  the  less  docile  ores.  The  variety  in  the  character  of  the  different 
veins  offers  a  means  for  mixing  advantageously  the  ores  for  smelting.  The 
products  of  the  galena  veins,  and  the  massive  caps  of  oxide  of  iron,  both  of 
which  contain  considerable  amounts  of  silver,  will  supply  the  fluxes  for  the 
more  quartziferous  ores  of  other  deposits. 

PLAN*  OF  EXPLOITATION. 

To  lead  to  any  satisfactory  results,  the  development  of  the  Santa  Rita 
Mines  must  be  undertaken  upon  a  large  scale,  and  with  abundant  resources. 
A  careful  examination  should  first  be  made  of  the  property,  and  a  sufficient 
examination  of  the  veins,  by  pits  and  trenches,  to  determine  which  ores  of 
the  many  veins  invite  most  to  more  extended  underground  exploration.  This 
point  decided,  expense  should  not  be  spared  in  sinking  and  drifting  upon 
several  veins,  and  in  such  a  manner  that  these  subterranean  works  of  explor- 
ations will  contribute  to  the  economical  workings  of  such  deposits  as  may 
prove  worthy  of  exploration. 

An  extensive  subterranean  exploration  might  be  made  upon  all  or  nearly  all 
of  the  veins  without  the  need  of  pumping  machinery.  To  carry  out  an  ex- 
ploitation of  this  kind,  in  such  a  way  as  to  prove  the  value  of  the  property, 
without  the  loss  of  years  of  time,  it  would  be  necessary  to  attack  each  vein 
at  several  points,  with  exploring  shafts  and  adits,  a  process  which  would  de- 
mand a  continually  increasing  number  of  miners. 

The  most  economical  way  to  accomplish  this  would  be  to  employ  a  force 
sufficiently  large  to  complete  the  entire  testing  of  the  property,  within,  say, 
one  year.  Could  1,000  laborers  be  placed  as  fast  as  needed,  the  end  of  the 
first  years'  work  would  not  only  find  a  large  number  of  veins,  opened  to  the 
extent  of  many  thousand  feet,  and  the  value  of  the  property  thoroughly 
tested;  but  those  deposits,  whbh  show  themselves  worthy  of  exploitation 
would  be  already  in  a  condition  to  deliver  ores  from  stopes,  and  a  large  sur- 
face would  be  ready  to  be  attacked  with  a  minimum  outlay,  by  regular  min- 
ing. Besides  this,  the  exploration  having  been  conducted  in  the  vein,  a 
large  amount  of  ore  would  be  on  hand  for  reduction,  and  would  pay  no  in- 
considerable part  of  the  cost  of  the  preliminary  work.  It  is  my  opinion 
that  the  Santa  Rita  veins  are  deserving  of  such  an  examination,  and  warrant 
the  risking  of  sums  necessary  to  carry  it  out,  and  that  if  properly  executed, 
it  would  lead  to  the  establishment  of  a  highly  profitable  mining  industry, 
Respectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)  RAPHAEL  PUMPELLY. 

For  a  very  interesting  and  graphic  account  of  Prof.  Pumpelly's  experiences 
while  mining  in  the  Santa  Rita's  twenty  years  since,  read  his  book,  "  Across 


27 

America  and  Asia."  To  any  person  desirous  of  becoming  interested  in  the 
present  enterprise,  and  who  wishes  full  and  accurate  data  upon  which  to  base 
his  action,  I  would  most  earnestly  invite  their  attention  to  Pumpelly's  work, 
to  Hodge's  book,  to  Conklin's  "Picturesque  Arizona,"  (now  in  course  of 
publication),  and  especially  to  Hinton's  Hand  Book  of  Arizona,  which  may 
be  obtained  from  the  American  News  Co.,  N.  Y.  City,  or  from  Payot,  Upham 
&  Co.,  Publishers,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
See  notice  in  this  Pamphlet. 


J.  EOSS  BEOWNE'S  EEPOET. 

LONDON,  May  1,  1871. 

MY  DEAK  SIB: — In  the  performance  of  my  public  duties  on  the  Pacific 
Coast,  during  the  past  twenty-two  years,  it  has  been  necessary  to  visit  all  the 
States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Eocky  Mountains,  and  I  may  therefore 
assume  to  have  some  personal  knowledge  of  their  resources.  I  made  two 
visits  to  Arizona,  and,  in  my  official  capacity  as  Commissioner  of  Mining 
Statistics  for  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  gave  special  attention  to 
the  mineral  and  agricultural  resources  of  that  territory.  There  are  certain 
features  in  its  history  which  gave  it  a  peculiar  interest.  It  was  the  first 
territory  in  the  United  States  in  which  extensive  veins  of  silver  had  been 
discovered;  and  it  was  known  to  the  Spaniards  for  upward  of  three  hundred 
years  as  a  region  of  inexhaustible  wealth. 

In  the  course  of  a  tour  of  inspection  through  southern  Arizona  and  Sonora, 
I  visited  in  person  the  Santa  Bita  district,  and  made  a  careful  examination  of 
its  mines  and  its  agricultural  and  grazing  lands.  I  am  therefore  fortunately 
enabled  to  answer  your  inquiries  from  personal  knowledge  of  the  property 
about  which  you  solicit  information.  For  convenience  of  reference,  I  divide 
my  subject,  so  as  to  give  you  a  clear  and  comprehensive  view  of  the  most 
prominent  features  of  that  section  of  country, 

SOUTHERN  ARIZONA. 

Prior  to  the  cession  of  this  territory  to  the  United  States  by  the  Government 
of  Mexico,  in  1846,  the  State  of  Sonora  comprised  a  large  extent  of  country 
lying  north  of  the  Gila  River.  That  portion  lying  south  of  the  Gila,  known 
as  the  Gadsden  Purchase,  was  the  earliest  occupied  by  the  Americans,  and 
is  still  the  best  known.  As  stated  in  my  Official  Report,  published  by  Con- 
gress in  1868,  (Section  II.,  p.  443,)  "  Its  mountains  are  nearly  all  mineral 
bearing,  and  its  silver  lodes  have  been  to  some  extent  worked.  " 

Within  the  narrow  strip  of  country  lying  between  the  northern  boundary  of 
Mexico  and  the  Gila  river  the  rich  domain  of  the  Santa  Rita  occupies  a 
prominent  position.  Situated  within  fifteen  miles  of  the  Mexican  border,  it 
lies  directly  in  the  center  of  the  richest  mineral  belt  discovered  by  the 
Spanish  explorers,  who  for  three  centuries  prosecuted  their  researches  through 
this  remote  region.  The  learned  Jesuit,  Father  Kino,  reported  to  the  Viceroy 
of  Spain,  in  1767,  that  a  scientific  exploration  of  Sonora  "  would  lead  to  the 
discovery  of  gold  and  silver  so  marvelous  that  the  discovery  would  be  such 
as  never  yet  had  been  seen  in  the  world."  The  proofs  of  this  wealth  were 
found  in  many  places,  but  chiefly  at  Arizona,  within  fifteen  miles  of  Santa 
Rita,  where  a  piece  of  virgin  silver  was  extracted  from  the  earth  weighing 
275  pounds,  upon  which  Don  Diego  Asmendi  paid  duties  ;  and  it  is  recorded 
that  the  King's  Attorney  brought  suit  for  the  duties  on  several  other  pieces 
which  weighed  4033  pounds;  also  for  the  recovery,  as  a  curiosity,  and  there- 
fore belonging  to  the  King,  of  a  certain  piece  of  silver  of  the  weight  of  2,700 
pounds.  Professor  Blake,  formerly  State  Geologist  of  California,  Commis- 
sioner to  the  Paris  Exposition,  Geological  Chief  to  the  San  Domingo  Commis- 
sion, &c.,  &o.,  says  of  this  region  that  the  extreme  richness  of  the  mines  of 


28 

silver  in  the  south-eastern  prolongation  of  the  mountains  of  Arizona  has  been 
well  attested  by  Humboldt,  Ward,  and  others,  (page  9,  "  Mining  Magazine, 
1859.")  Ward  contends  (vol.  I.,  pp.  127-160)  that  the  great  mineral  treasures 
of  Mexico  commence  north  of  the  24th  degree  of  latitude,  and  that  Sonora, 
which  then  included  Arizona,  "  promised  riches  superior  to  anything  yet  dis- 
covered." Duport  (p.  380)  expresses  himself  with  equal  enthusiasm  : — 
After  having  visited  only  Tasco,  Eeal  del  Monte,  and  Guanajute,  Humboldt 
said,  40  years  ago,  that  there  was  enough  of  silver  in  the  Mexican  mines  to 
flood  the  world;  what  would  he  not  have  said  if  he  had  pushed  his  researches 
further  north?  Wilson,  in  his  "History  of  Mexico,"  says  of  Northern 
Sonora,  now  Arizona,  that  "it  is  a  region  of  country  which  combines  the  rare 
attractions  of  the  richest  silver  mines  in  the  world,  laying  in  the  midst  of  the 
finest  agricultural  districts,  and  where  the  climate  is  as  attractive  as  the  min- 
eral riches."  Mr.  Cummings  Cherry,  a  geologist  and  mining  engineer  of 
establisLed  reputation,  says  that  the  mines  of  southern  Arizona  are  among 
the  richest  in  the  world,  and  dwells  especially  upon  the  facilities  for  working 
them,  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  agricultural  lands,  and  the  wonderful 
salubrity  of  the  climate.  Governor  McCormick  says,  in  one  of  his  annual 
messages,  that  "those  of  the  silver  mines  below  the  Gila,  and  on  the  Col- 
orado, that  are  judiciously  worked,  with  scarcely  an  exception,  show  great 
wealth,  and  fully  maintain  the  traditional  reports  of  the  metallic  opulence  of 
the  country. 

The  report  of  Professor  Pumpelly  on  the  Santa  Eita  Mines,  which  I  have 
carefully  read,  give  a  most  faithful  and  interesting  exposition  of  the  mineral 
wealth  of  this  region.  Having  personally  visited  nearly  every  lode  described 
by  him,  I  can  bear  testimony  to  the  perfect  accuracy  and  fairness  of  his  state- 
ments. Nothing  is  exaggerated  ;  nor  is  anything  withheld  the  omission  of 
which  could  possibly  give  an  erroneous  idea  of  the  value  of  the  property. 

Before  giving  you  in  detail  my  views  in  relation  to  the  Santa  Eita  property, 
I  think  you  will  be  interested  in  a  brief  summary  of  the  mineral  productions 
of  the  states  and  territories  west  of  the  Eocky  Mountains  during  the  past 
twenty  years.  The  total  product  of  California,  Nevada,  Montana,  Idaho, 
Washington,  Oregon,  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  since  1849  has  been 
($1,300,000,000)  thirteen  hundred  millions  of  dollars.  The  annual  production 
about  this  time  averages  about  ($70,000,000)  seventy  millions.  Within  the 
brief  space  of  twenty  years,  a  larger  area  of  country  has  been  opened  up  to 
settlement  by  the  developement  of  our  mines,  than  has  ever  before  in  the 
world's  history  been  brought  within  the  limits  of  civilization  within  so  short 
a  period.  So  far  from  being  a  pursuit  injurious  in  its  tendency,  as  theorists 
sometimes  contend,  it  has  resulted  in  the  building  of  numerons  cities,  the 
cultivation  of  vast  tracts  of  land,  the  construction  of  railroads  and  telegraphs 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  the  increase  of  commerce  with 
the  various  nations  of  the  earth.  While  the  business  of  mining  has  been 
attended  by  more  than  ordinary  hazards  in  our  new  territories,  owing  to 
co  stly  transportation  and  inexperience  in  the  working  of  ores,  the  rewards 
of  legitimate  enterprise  and  judicious  management  have  generally  been  so 
brilliant  as  to  compensate  for  all  the  losses ;  and  in  every  point  of  view  the 
world  has  gained  in  the  general  accession  of  wealth.  "That  which,"  in  the 
language  of  Sir  Archibald  Alison,  "  f or  five-and-twenty  years  had  been  await- 
ing a  currency  commensurate  to  the  increased  numbers  and  transactions  of 
the  civilized  world,  was  now  supplied  by  the  beneficent  hand  of  nature.  The 
era  of  a  contracted  currency  and  consequent  low  prices  and  general  misery, 
interrupted  by  passing  gleams  of  prosperity,  was  at  an  end.  Prices  rapidly 
rose,  wages  advanced  in  a  similar  proportion,  exports  and  imports  enormously 
increased,  while  crime  and  misery  as  rapidly  diminished."  Who  can  say, 
then,  that  mining  is  not  a  legitimate  pursuit,  and  one  that  deserves  the 
strongest  possible  encouragement? 


29 

I  have  referred  to  the  aggregate  product  of  our  mineral  possessions.  I  now 
invite  your  attention  to  a  few  of  our  leading  districts  and  mines,  to  show  you 
that  no  branch  of  human  industry  is  more  profitable,  when  conducted  with 
care  and  industry. 

The  single  district  of  Grass  Valley,  Nevada  County,  California,  comprising 
an  area  of  only  a  few  miles,  has  produced,  since  1849,  upwards  of  $30,000,- 
000.  The  Eureka  Mine  in  the  same  district,  has  produced,  since  1859,  about 
$3,000,000.  The  Gold  Hill  Mine  has  yielded  $7,000,000  in  the  brief  period 
of  fourteen  years  ;  the  Allison  Kanch  Lode  has  yielded  $2,300,000  ;  and 
other  mines  in  the  same  vicinity  have  furnished  from  a  million  to  two  millions. 
All  these  have  enriched  the  owners.  Money  has  not  been  lost  here  as  else- 
where in  wild  speculations,  but  rarely  in  the  business  of  mining  properly 
conducted.  The  Hayward  Mine,  in  Amador  County,  has  produced  $5,000,000. 
The  Sierra  Butte  Mine,  in  Sierra  County,  has  netted  the  owners  upwards  of  a 
million  of  dollars.  These  are  all  gold  quartz  mines.  The  gravel  deposits  of 
California  have  yielded  over  $11,000,000  per  annum  for  the  last  twenty  years, 
and  supported  a  laboring  population  of  50,000  souls.  A  single  placer  or  sur- 
face deposit  in  Montana,  yielded,  in  three  years,  $30,000,000  in  gold.  I  refer 
to  Alder  gulch.  Some  extraordinary  results  have  also  been  obtained  in 
Idaho,  but  my  space  forbids  even  an  enumeration  of  the  principal  districts  in 
either  of  these  two  territories. 

In  Nevada,  a  single  lode,  the  Comstock,  has  produced  since  1860,  about 
$120,000,000  in  silver  and  gold.  There  is  nothing  like  this  in  the  history  of 
the  world.  The  duration  of  gold  and  silver  bearing  lodes  is  well  attested  by 
the  history  of  the  principle  mines  of  South  America  and  Mexico.  The  cele- 
brated Potosi  Mines  averaged  about  $4,000,000  for  300  years  ;  those  on  the 
Veta  Madre  (Mother  Vein)  of  Guanjuata  about  $3,000,000  for  an  equal  period, 
and  the  mines  of  the  Keal  del  M«onte  Company  on  the  Biscanya  Vein,  in  Mex- 
ico, over  $40,000,000  for  the  last  110  years,  or  a  total  of  $45,000,000— a  less 
amount  than  has  been  obtained  from  Comstock  in  the  last  three  years.  (See 
"  Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,"  sec.  xix.  p.  387.) 

Owing  to  the  late  rebellion  in  the  United  States,  which  interrupted  all 
industry  in  the  southern  parts  of  our  country,  the  progress  of  the  mining 
interest  in  Arizona  was  arrested;  many  promising  enterprises  were  abandoned, 
and  with  all  the  mineral  wealth  and  agricultural  advantages,  the  settlement 
of  this  country  has  not  kept  pace  with  that  of  the  central  territories,  through 
which,  by  favor  of  the  General  Government,  railroad  lines  have  been  extended. 
The  recent  action  of  Congress,  in  passing  the  Southern  Pacific  Kailroad  Bill, 
will  secure  to  Arizona  what  has  long  been  needed — direct  and  speedy  commu- 
nication with  the  commercial  marts  of  the  world.  When  the  trans-continental 
railway  of  the  south  shall  have  extended  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  San 
Diego — and  I^iave  a  letter  from  General  Rosekrans,  of  the  U.  S.  Army,  late 
American  Minister  to  Mexico,  assuring  me  that  its  speedy  construction  has 
been  reduced  to  a  certainty — the  prosperity  of  Arizona  will  be  assured  ;  and 
there  can  be  no  reason  why  its  mineral  developements  should  not  surpass 
those  of  any  of  the  states  or  territories  named,  judging  by  the  unanimous 
testimony  of  the  ablest  geologists  and  explorers  who  have  investigated  the 
subject. 

ADVANTAGES    OF    LOCATION. 

The  lodes  of  the  Santa  Rita  Mountains  are  admirably  located  for  all  practi- 
cal purposes  of  mining,  and  for  the  various  operations  of  the  Hacienda.  By 
reference  to  my  Official  Report,  as  Commissioner  of  Mining  Statistics,  it  will 
be  seen  (see  II.,  Arizona,  p.  443,)  that  "the  principal  towns  of  Southern 
Arizona  are  Tucson,  on  the  line  of  the  Overland  Mail  Route,  and  Tubacf  52 
miles  south.  Both  have  long  been  in  existence,  and  are  situated  on  the  Santa 
Cruz  River,  which,  rising  in  Sonora,  runs  nearly  directly  north,  until  it 
;eachee  the  Gila  Elver  near  Maricopa  Wells.  The  distance  from  Tubao, 


30 

which  maybe  considered  the  heart  of  the  mineral  regions  of  Arizona,  are,  by 
the  usual  traveling  roads,  as  follows: — San  Francisco,  1074  miles;  San  Diego, 
510  miles;  Fort  Yuma,  300  miles ;  El  Paso,  389  miles  ;  St.  Louis,  1770  miles. 
Towns  in  Sonora,  Mexico:  Santa  Cruz,  54  miles;  Magdalena,  51  miles;  Altar, 
95  miles  ;  Hermosillo,  capital  of  Sonora,  229  miles ;  Guyamas,  port  of  entry 
of  Sonora,  260  miles;  Libertad,  on  the  Gulf  of  California,  180  miles."  It 
will  thus  be  seen  that  there  cannot  be  a  more  advantageous  location  for  the 
establishment  of  a  large  mining  interest  than  that  spoken  of  above.  It  will 
at  once  become  a  great  mining  and  trading  center. 

REDUCTION  OF  THE  ORES. 

The  average  of  the  Comstock  ores,  as  stated  in  my  official  report,  is  $45 
per  ton.  The  average  cost  of  mining  and  treating  these  ores  is  $30  per  ton, 
leaving  $15  as  the  profit  per  ton.  The  average  cost  of  unskilled  labor  at 
Virginia  is  $4  per  day  ;  skilled  labor  from  $5  to  $7.  The  labor  of  4,000 
men  per  day  is  employed;  and  that  amount  of  labor  produces  about  330,000 
tons  of  ore  per  annum.  The  gross  yield  of  the  Comstock  Lode  for  several 
years  past  has  been  from  $14,000,000  to  $16,000,000  per  annum;  the  net 
yield  from  $4,000,000  to  $6,000,000.  This  enormous  cost  of  production  is 
due  to  several  causes;  mainly  the  multiplication  of  superintendences  and 
unnecessary  repetition  of  expenses,  growing  out  of  the  division  of  one  lode 
into  some  twenty  parts,  each  part  being  owned  and  worked  by  an  independ- 
ent company.  Each  of  these  companies  has  its  separate  organization  ;  its 
president  and  directory  in  San  Francisco,  or  elsewhere;  its  mills,  offices,  sta- 
bles and  outbuildings  at  Virginia  or  the  vicinity.  On  every  few  hundred 
feet  of  the  lode  the  enormous  expenses  of  a  gigantic  mining  establishment 
are  repeated ;  while  the  productions  of  the  mines  are  constantly  decreasing 
both  in  extent  and  value.  The  mines  of  Potosi  Guanajuato  and  Central 
Mexico  would  never  have  paid  enormous  profits  for  three  centuries  under 
such  an  exhaustive  and  irrational  system  as  this.  The  consequence  of  such 
reckless  competition  for  wealth  is,  that  there  are  constant  failures,  and  great 
and  sudden  losses,  when,  in  reality,  the  mines  are  among  the  richest  in  the 
world.  Under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  however,  a  single  gold  or 
silver-bearing  lode  must  always  be  a  source  of  anxiety  to  those  whose  capi- 
tal is  invested  in  it.  Should  it  continue,  they  may  draw  unlimited  wealth 
from  it;  but  it  is  subject  to  become  poor  or  give  out  at  any  time,  and  then 
follows  pecuniary  disaster.  The  security  is  much  greater  in  the  case  of  a 
company,  whose  risks  are  divided  among  fifty  or  one  hundred  lodes,  no  two 
of  which  are  likely  to  give  out  together,  and  each  one  of  which  may  prove  as 
rich  as  the  Comstock.  When  one  ceases  to  pay,  operations  can  be  com- 
menced upon  another ;  and,  under  the  Partido  system,  the  company  incurs 
no  risk  beyond  the  month's  supply  of  provisions  advanced  to  support  the 
operatives  who  have  contracted  to  furnish  the  ores;  and  who,  if  they  obtain 
nothing  of  value,  receive  nothing  beyond  this  trifling  advance.  A  compari- 
son of  the  relative  values  of  the  ores  and  cost  of  mining  and  reduction  at 
Santa  Rita  and  at  Virginia,  on  the  Comstock  Lode,  would  show  some 
remarkable  results.  The  Santa  Rita  ores,  according  to  the  reports  of  Pum- 
pelly,  Blake,  Ehrenburg,  Garett,  and  others,  average  in  value  not  le.«s  than 
$200  the  ton,  while  those  of  the  Comstock  rate  at  $45.  The  Comstock  is  a 
single  lode,  ranging  from  20  to  40  feet  in  width;  but  the  rich  mineral  is 
found  in  pockets,  and  the  pay  ore  is  not  thoroughly  diffused.  The  Santa 
Rita  mine  comprises  upwards  of  fifty  well  defined  lodes,  each  from  three  to 
eight  feet  in  thickness,  the  pay  ore  running  generally  from  wall  to  wall,  and 
thoroughly  diffused  through  the  body  of  the  lode.  Common  labor  at  the 
Comstock  is  $4  per  day,  in  cash ;  at  the  Santa  Rita,  $1,  and  that  in  mer- 


31 

chandise,  at  a  profit  of  100  per  cent,  making  in  reality  but  $12  to  $15  per 
month.  There  is  also  to  be  taken  into  consideration  the  difference  in  the 
cost  of  supplies,  where  crops  are  grown  upon  the  ground  with  scarcely  any 
cost  to  the  cultivator,  and  where  such  supplies  have  to  be  obtained  from 
costly  markets.  With  the  labor  of  4,000  men  on  the  Santa  Rita  mines,  each 
one  of  them  working  for  himself,  and  therefore  doing  all  he  can  to  make  his 
labor  profitable,  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  estimate  that  the  same  value  of 
metal  per  man  can  be  obtained  from  the  smaller  lodes,  and  without  risk, 
that  is  now  obtained  from  the  larger  lode  of  the  Comstock,  with  all  the 
hazards  of  depreciation  in  value  or  entire  exhaustion.  One-half  the  product 
in  the  quantity  of  ore  would  be  165,000  tons  per  annum.  Even  at  an  average 
of  $100  per  ton,  instead  of  $200,  which  is  estimated  to  be  the  actual  value, 
the  result  in  gross  would  show  the  following  camparison  : 

330,000  tons  of  Cemstock  ore,  at  $45  per  ton $14,850,000. 

Cost  of  reduction,  $30  per  ton 9,900,000 

Net  yield,  $15  per  ton $4,950,000 

165,000  tons  of  Santa  Rita  ore,  at  $100  per  ton $16,500,900 

Cost  of  labor  and  treatment,  at  least  one-quarter  of  $30, 

or  $7.50  per  ton 1,237,500 


Net  yield,  $92.50  per  ton $15,273,500 

This  makes  a  strong  showing,  but  I  cannot  see  that  the  comparison  is  at 
all  unreasonable,  or  that  the  estimated  results  are  improbable.  All  sup- 
plies for  man  and  beast  are  produced  at  the  Santa  Rita  upon  the  ground  of 
the  company,  with  labor  at  a  minimum  price,  and  from  soil  as  prolific  and 
a  climate  as  genial  as  that  of  the  Nile  ;  while  in  Virginia  the  supplies  are 


with  all  the  professions  represented — artisans,  preachers,  lawyers,  doctors 
— all  gaining  a  subsistence  directly  or  indirectly  from  the  mines.  It  surely 
is  not  hazarding  too  much  to  say  that  a  similar  spectacle  and  results  of 
equal  magnitude  are  within  the  bounds  of  possibility  at  Santa  Rita. 

THE  SANTA  RITA  MINES. 

I  visited  the  Santa  Rita  mines  for  the  special  purpose  of  examining  and 
reporting  upon  them  ;  but  as  Professor  Pumpelly  resided  on  the  spot,  and 
had  a  much  better  opportunity  of  studying  their  characteristics  than  I  had, 
it  would  be  presumptions  in  me  to  undertake  a  derailed  description  of  them, 
after  the  elaborate  report  made  by  that  gentleman.  Suffice  it  to  say,  Jjiat  I 
made  a  careful  examination  of  the  principal  mines,  and  found  them  true 
fissure  veins  of  great  promise.  So  far  as  the  excavations  expose  the  veins, 
they  have  the  appearance  of  being  exceedingly  rich  ;  the  ore  is  thoroughly 
diffused,  and  the  walls  are  in  every  instance  clearly  defined  and  regular. 
Most  of  them  average  from  three  to  five  feet  in  thickness  ;  ranging  from 
two  to  eight  feet.  The  Buenaventura  appears  to  be  a  fractional  division  of 
an  immense  lode  or  body  of  ore,  the  outcrop  of  which  is  visible  from  the 
old  Hacienda,  not  less  than  sixty  or  seventy  feet  in  thickness — probably 
much  more.  Professor  Pumpelly  refers  to  this  extraordinary  lode,  and  con- 
siders the  Buenaventura  a  mere  branch  of  it.  Should  this  be  the  case,  and 
I  have  great  confidence  in  Professor  Pumpelly' s  judgment,  the  Veta  Madre 
(or  Mother  Vein)  may,  upon  development,  prove  to  be  equally  as  rich  as 
these  branch  veins.  In  that  case  there  would  be  nothing  to  equal  it  in  the 


32 

history  of  mines  and  mining.  I  counted  in  the  Solero  Hill,  in  the  course  of 
an  afternoon's  ramble,  not  less  than  twenty  silver-bearing  veins,  of  great 
apparent  richness.  There  must  be  at  least  one  hundred  of  these  in  the 
entire  hill,  averaging  from  two  to  three  feet  in  thickness.  I  distinctly 
remember  my  remark  to  Mr.  Poston,  at  the  time,  that,  after  having  traveled 
^ver  most  of  our  mineral  territory,  I  had  never  seen  such  indications  of 
inexhaustible  mineral  wealth  within  so  small  a  superficial  area.  The  pros- 
pect may  have  dazzled  me,  and,  to  some  extent,  perverted  my  judgment  ; 
but  I  then  believed  it  was  the  richest  group  of  mines  I  had  ever  visited,  and 
I  have  seen  no  cause  since  then  to  change  my  opinion.  The  facilities  for 
working  these  mines  are  unsurpassed.  Most  of  them  are  so  situated  as  to  be 
susceptible  of  drainage  by  the  tunnels;  and  the  rock,  chiefly  feldpathic, 
porphyry,  and  hornblende,  is  easily  blasted.  Timber  is  found  in  abundant 
supplies,  in  the  adjacent  Santa  Rita  mountains,  where  there  is  now  a  saw 
mill,"  which  furnishes  timber  for  Tucson  and  the  military  posts.  The  climate 
is  unsurpassed  for  healthfulness,  and  is  probably  the  most  delightful,  in 
point  of  temperature,  to  be  found  in  the  North  American  continent,  scarcely 
varying  20  deg.  throughout  the  year  from  70  deg.  Fahrenheit. 

SUMMARY. 

In  conclusion,  therefore,  I  can  safely  assert  that  an  enterprise  more 
promising  than  this  has  not  been  brought  to  my  attention  during  a  resi- 
dence of  twenty  years  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  I  have  examined  the  property 
personally  and  without  any  pecuniary  interest  in  it  whatever.  The  conclu- 
sions to  which  I  have  been  brought  are  based  upon  my  own  experience  and 
best  judgment.  I  believe  good  mines  to  be  both  profitable  and  durable,  as 
shown  by  the  history  of  the  mines  of  South  America  and  Mexico,  referred 
to  in  the  beginning  of  this  letter.  Our  leading  mines  on  the  Comstock  have 
yielded  up  wards  of  one  hundred  millions  of  dollars  in  ten  years.  The  mines 
of  a  single  district  in  California  have  yielded  thirty  millions  of  dollars  in  a 
little  over  the  same  space  of  time.  The  mines  of  the  Pacific  Coast  have 
yielded  twelve  hundred  millions  of  dollars  in  less  than  twenty  years. 
Everywhere  within  oar  mineral  territory  good  mining  properties,  well  man- 
aged, have  proved  enormously  remunerative.  I  have  shown  that  the  Santa 
Rita  mines  can  be  worked  at  one-fourth  the  cost  of  the  Comstock,  and  pro- 
duce at  least  an  equal  amount  of  bullion  with  the  labor  of  4,000  men  ;  that 
the  Hacienda  is  located  in  the  center  of  the  richest  mineral  district  discov- 
ered by  the  Spaniards;  that  the  projected  railway  to  Guaymas  will  pass 
directly  through  it;  that  the  location  commands  the  richest  ores  of  Sonora 
and  Arizona ;  that  wood  and  water  are  abundant,  and  all  the  productions  of 
the  temperate  and  many  of  the  tropic  zones  flourish  here  ;  and,  finally,  that 
under  efficient  management,  this  enterprise,  so  marvelously  favored  by  geo- 
graphical position,  by  soil,  climate,  and  proximity  of  mineral  wealth,  cannot 
fail  to  prove  a  brilliant  success. 

Trusting  that  these  notes  of  my  observations  in  Arizona,  hurriedly  thrown 
together  as  they  are,  may  prove  satisfactory,  I  am,  my  dear  sir, 

Very  truly  yours, 
(Signed)  J.  ROSS   BROWNE. 

[From  the  accompanying  map  the  locations  made  for  the  Aztec  Syndicate 
can  be  seen,  as  also  the  mines  now  the  property  of  the  Toltec  Syndicate. 
The  work  done  upon  the  former  locations  has  very  thoroughly  proved  the 
immense  value  of  the  Bushell,  Saint  Louis,  La  Parisienne  and  others.] 


NOW     READY. 


COIL.   ^^ZOU^^I^ID    J. 

(Of  the  San  Francisco  Evening  Post.) 


This  Handsome  Volume  of  530  pages,  large  12mo,  is  illustrated  by  24  Full  PagJ 
Lithographs.  40  other  Sketches,  two  Ancient  Maps,  and  A  NEW  MAP  OF  THE1 
TERRITORY,  containing  all  the  Latest  Mining  Districts,   U.S.  Silver  Mines 
Towns,  etc. 

PKICE,  EETAIL,  $2.00  PER  COPY. 


The  Hand-Book  contains  19  Chapters  and  Appendix  :    Chapter  I.  Where  ami 
What  is.  Arizona.    II.  Historical  Sketches.    III.  Physical  and  Geological  Fcaf  j 
tures.    IV.  Mineralogy.    V.  Mines,  Mills,  Locations.    VI.  Over  Valley  and  Mesa*  ' 
VII.  The  Santa  Rita  Mountains.    VIII.  The  Santa  Cruz  West  to  Papagoria.    IX-. 
The  Babacomori   and  East.    X.  The  Towns  of  Arizona.    XL  Agricultural   Re- 
sources.   XII.  Military  Posts  and  Telegraph.    XIII.    Climate.    XIV.  Fauna  and 
Flora.    XV.    Indian  Tribes.    XVI.    Miscellaneous.    XVII.    Spanish   Explo-'ers 
and  Missionaries.    XVIII.  The  Ancient  People  of  Arizona.    XIX.  The  Ancient 
Ruins. 

The  Appendix  contains  a  Summary  of  Mining  Laws,  Itinerary,  Fares,  Freights 
etc.;  Glossary  of  Mining  Terms,  etc.,  ete. 

Also— New  Edition  of  Hinton's  New  Map  of  Arizona.    Colored  and  Varnished,1 
on  Rollers,  $2.50 ;  In  Case,  for  the  Pocket,  $1.50.  , 


OPINIONS  OF  THE  PRESS. 

The  book  gives  a  very  thorough  historical  and  descriptive  account  of  the  Terri- 
tory. We  cannot  recall  any  publication  on  Arizona  which  at  all  approaches  My. 
Hinton's  Hand-Book  in  point  of  quantity  and  variety  of  information  imparted. 
—[Sari  Francisco  Bulletin. 

Equally  interesting  particulars  concerning  mineral  productions  of  Arizona 
might  be  selected  from  Mr.  Hinton's  book,  and  those  disposed  to  pursue  the  sul}- 
ject  further  will  do  well  to  consult  the  volume  itself —[London  (Eng.)  Mining 
Journal.  • 

The  Hand-Book  to  Arizona  is  as  complete  a.nd  satisfactory  a  work  of  the  kind  i 
as  would  be  asked.— [Essex  County  Press,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Colonel  Hinton  has  produced  a  book  of  very  considerable  literary  merit,  as  well 
as  a  reliable  guide  to  "the  coming  land,"  which  Arizona  has  not  inaptly  bt-'-n 
styled  by  enthusiastic  admirers.  No  other  published  work  relating  to  any  of  the 
territories  is  comparable  to  this  one  for  thoroughness  in  all  its  parts.  On  the 
whole,  we  regard  Hinton's  Hand-Book  to  Arizona  as  a  valuable  contribution'to 
the  literature  of  the  Pacific  coast.*  It  is  a  book  which  will  bear  reading  apart  from 
its  special  object  as  an  itinerary.— [C.  JR.  J.  in  the  San  Francisco  Post. 

To  the  easy  chair  traveler  it  will  prove  an  attractive  work,  while  to  the  bona 
fide  traveler,  whether  tourist,  emigrant,  explorer,  or  pleasure-seeker,  it  will  be  a 
necessity.— [St.  Louis  Dispatch. 

This  book  ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one  who  wants  to  "  go  west."  *•  * 
This  volume,  prepared  by  a  writer  of  established  literary  reputation,  is  of  the 
highest  value  to  all  who  wish  for  positive  information  concerning  this  wonderful 
territory.— [St.  Louis  Posi. 

This  Hand-Book  seems  to  contain  all  that  the  tourist  or  the  prospective  settler 
would  care  to  know  of  a  territory  favored  by  climate,  adorned  with  lovely  scendry, 
and  enriched  by  manifold  natural  resources  of  wealth.— [Chicago  Tribune. 

Of  the  many  "  Hand-Books  "  constantly  being  produced  this  is  perhaps  on<J  of 
the  most  satisfactory.    *    *    Moreover,  Mr.  Hinton  has  been  conscientious  in  the 
performance  of  his  task,  as  every  page  of  his  comprehensive  work  testifies.  Th^ro 
is  an  amount  of  labor  contained  between  its  covers  that  puts  to  rout  any  thought  j 
of  the  indifferent  or  mercenary.    It  is  free  from  all  semblance  of  fraud,  and  al-  ! 
though  it  may  be  sprinkled  unavoidably  with  errors,  it  is,  on  the  whole,  solid-, 
and  abounding  in  information  serious,  humorous  and  entertaining. —  [('!, 
Times. 


HINTON'S  HAND-BOOK  OF  ARIZONA-OPINIONS  OF  THE  PRESS- 


Arizona  li.-i.s  been  fortunate  to  secure  for  its  historian  so  careful  a  worker  as  is 

Richard  J.  Hinton;  and  the  public    .     •    is  fortunate  in  having  prepared  for  its 

well-digested  :t  volume  as  is  the  "  Hand-Book  to  Arizona.''    Mr.  Hinton's 

ml v  comprehensive  to  meet  any  general  requirements.— 

[Philadelphia  T; 

To  say  that  the  work  for  statistical  information  in  reference  to  the  resources  of 
i  Arizona,  her  agriculture,  mining  and  cattle  raising  advantages  is  good,  would 
'  hardly  express  the  impression  we  wish  to  convey,  for  it  is  so  far  in  advance  of 
any  other  work  on  Arizona  that  there  is  no  comparison  to  make.— [Tucson  (Ari- 
zona) Star. 

This  book  gives  the  best  and  most  accurate  description  of  Arizona  that  has  ever 
been  published.  The  amount  of  information  collated  is  simply  marvelous.  .  . 
It  is  written  up  in  a  style  that  fascinates  a  render.  .  .  Trifling  inaccuracies  in 
^  dry  detail  can  be  remedied  in  subsequent,  editions,  and  is  more  than  compensa- 
ted by  the  author's  fidelity  to  facts  in  description  and  narrative.  The  book  is 
invaluable  to  parties  contemplating  a  visit  to  Arizona,  whether  for  business, 
health  or  pleasure. —  [Yuma  (Arizona)  Sentinel.  * 

The  volume  is  the  most  complete  compendium  of  information  concerning  Ari- 
zona that  has  ever  been  published.— L.OS  Angeles  (Hal.)  Republican. 

The  subject  matter  has  been  collated  from  the  most  authentic  and  official 
sources,  and  is  written  up  in  a  lively,  interesting  style.  It  is  seldom  that  so  much 
valuable  and  interesting  matter  is  found  condensed  in  a  volume  of  its  size,  and 
the  book  will-be  read  with  avidity  by  everybody,  especially  those  having  inter- 
ests in  that  section  or  contemplating  a  journey  thither.  It  should  form  a  portion 
of  every  one's  library.—  [Gold  Hill  (Nevada)  News. 

The  value  of  this  work  to  our  Territory  is  incalculable.  Mr.  Hinton's  efforts 
'•tainly  appreciated  at  home,  and  every  Arizonian  is  anxious  to  obtain  a 
copy  of  his  new  book,  which,  on  account  of  its  valuable  information  and  unu- 
sually interesting  matter,  cannot  fail  to  become  very  popular  and  command  an 
exceptionally  large  circulation.— [Arizona  Citizen,  Florence,  A.  T. 

This  book,  with  all  its  accompaniments,  is,  moreover,  thoroughly  practical, 
and  could  not  have  appeared  at  a  more  opportune  moment,  a  great  deal  of  atten- 
tion being  now  turned  towards  this  rising  Territory. concerning  which  there  was 
before  a  dearth  of  recent  and  reliable  information.— [San  Francisco  Mining  Press. 

The  people  ofrArizonn  owe  much,  and  we  fearmore  than  they  will  ever  pay,  to 
Col.  Hinton  for  this  comprehensive  and  readable  Hand-Book  of  their  Territory. 
The  author  has  evidently  made  a  careful  study  of  his  subject,  nnd  has  produced 
a  work  that  will  not  be  superseded,  and  for  m n ny  branches  of  information  will  not 
need  to  be  superseded.— [Alta  California,  S.  F. 

The  work  of  Mr.  Hinton,  entitled  The  Hand-Book  of  Arizona,  is  a  book  which 

is  sure  to  find  readers,  whether  in  the  mining  engineer,  the  geologist,  the  natu- 

:  ralist,  the  antiquarian,  or  the  pleasure  reader,  ns  in  it  all  will  find  food  for  his 

i  attention.     .    .    It  would  be  almost  impossible  in 'his  short  space  to  mention  all 

I  the  subjects  elaborated  upon  in  this  work,  but  suffice  it  to  say  that  the  reader  will 

find  in  it  a  highly  entertaining  and  instructive  history,  past,  present  and  future. 

of  by  far  the  richest  district,  naturally,  in  the  United  Statesof  America.— [Walter 

E.  Hildreth,  E.  M.  C.  E.,  in  the  Minine  Record,  New  York. 

PAYOT,  UPHAM  &  Co.,  Publishers, 

204  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 
AMERICAN  NEWS  COMPANY,  Now  York  City. 

ess- The  "Hand-Book  to  Arizona"  will  be  sent,  postage  paid,  by  Chas.  Cranz, 
Jr.,  Secretary,  Room  14,  302  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  receipt  of 
Post  Office  Order  for  Two  Dollars. 


isr  o  "\r\r    i  i<r    IE3  :FL  IE  &  & . 

: PICTURESQUE  ARIZONA, 

BY     K.     CONKLIN, 

[Of  Frank  Leslie's  Illustrated  Weekly  and  of  Amer.  Press  Association.] 

PUBLISHED  BY 

oonxrTZKTEisr'T1    STE:E=LIEOSO  0:^10    oo.. 

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